다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Foreword 1. Prosperity Lost 2. The Age of Irresponsibility 3. Redefining Prosperity 4. The Dilemma of Growth 5. The Myth of Decoupling 6. The 'Iron Cage' of Consumerism 7. Keynesianism and the 'Green New Deal' 8. Ecological Macro-Economics 9. Flourishing - within Limits 10. Governance for Prosperity 11. The Transition to a Sustainable Economy 12. A Lasting Prosperity Appendices References Endnotes

Prosperity without growth : economics for a finite planet

Biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of oil triglycerides with methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This study aims to report the results of the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel using CaO nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite as catalyst. The effect of the CaO nanoparticles concentration on the NaX zeolite surface was studied in the range of 5−25 wt %. The transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux temperature of methanol, atmospheric pressure, a reaction time of 6 h, and with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil. Catalyst characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that methyl esters content is highly influenced by basicity and that the best catalyst was the one holding 16 wt % CaO nanoparticles. The produced biodiesel was 93.5% methyl esters and was found to fulfill the specifications of Europ...

Preparation and Characterization of CaO Nanoparticles/NaX Zeolite Catalysts for the Transesterification of Sunflower Oil

The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.

Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

L-glutamic acid crystallization in a mesoscale oscillatory baffled crystallizer

Algal FAME production with a NOVEL surfactant based catalyst in a reactive extraction

Enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in an oscillatory baffled reactor (OBR) and a parallel stirred tank (STR) were studied. In the proposed mechanistic model, saccharification of the intractable, crystalline portion of cellulose, E*Sx is important. Its rate, k3 (0.002), although much lower than k2 (9.05), the rate of product formation from the active E * Sc intermediate, makes appreciable contribution to the final glucose yield in the saccharification of cellulose. Shear deactivation of the cellulase is also considered in relation to average shear rate (ASR) in the reactor. At 200 Wm-3 ASR in the STR was twice that in the OBR (45:22.5 s -1 respectively). Correspondingly, 74% saccharification of cellulose was observed in the STR and 91% in the OBR after 168 h. The OBR has a more uniform shear field than the STR, hence, lower ASR even at the same power density as the STR. The OBR achieved the highest conversion at ~1/20th the power input of

http://paper.uscip.us/ajbb/AJBB.2016.1010.pdf

Kinetics of Cellulose Hydrolysis in an Oscillatory Baffled Reactor

In recent years, there has been significant interest in yeast-based wastewater treatment due to its high pollutant removal rate and ability to perform in non-sterile environments. In this work, a kinetic model was developed to predict yeast growth and substrate consumption during wastewater treatment. To determine the biological constants for use in the kinetic models, a unique approach is presented. Candida utilis was cultivated in synthetic wastewater, using eight different ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to determine its growth rate, and the removal rates of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The concentrations of C, N and P were chosen within the range of secondary effluent wastewater. In all experiments, carbon was found to be the limiting substrate, and 100 % TOC removal was achieved in all cases. Candida utilis reduced the COD concentration by up to 99 % in <24 h. In the model, both yeast growth and substrate consumption were satisfactorily described by Monod kinetics. The apparent half-saturation coefficients for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, determined via the optimization of the model, were found to the function of initial substrate concentration. The maximum specific growth rate found was 0.59 h −1 . This model was used on different initial concentrations of substrates, and predicted data with an R 2 above 80 %. Both model and experimental results suggest that Candida utilis can be used in the tertiary treatment of wastewater. The simple approach described here can be applied to find biological coefficients for other microorganisms. • A mathematical approach is presented to determine the biological constant for multi-substrate Monod kinetics. • Half-saturation is not constant but is dependent upon the initial concentration of substrates. • Change in pH does not affect the relation of the half-saturation coefficient to initial substrate concentration. • Only the substrate removal coefficient/Yield coefficient varies with respect to pH. 

/pdf/kinetic-modelling-of-yeast-growth-and-pollutant-removal-in-151qmule.pdf

Kinetic modelling of yeast growth and pollutant removal in secondary effluent

J. Buchmaier,a,* C. Brunner,a U. Griesbacher,a A. N. Phan,b A. P. Harvey,b R. Krishna Gudiminchi,c B. Nidetzky,c and B. Mustera aIndustrial Processes and Energy Systems, AEE – Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 19, Austria bNewcastle University, Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom cAustrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, 14 Petersgasse, 8010 Graz, Austria

/pdf/oscillatory-flow-bioreactor-ofb-applied-in-enzymatic-3uts74n0vg.pdf

Adam Harvey

Papers

L-glutamic acid crystallization in a mesoscale oscillatory baffled crystallizer

Algal FAME production with a NOVEL surfactant based catalyst in a reactive extraction

Kinetics of Cellulose Hydrolysis in an Oscillatory Baffled Reactor

Kinetic modelling of yeast growth and pollutant removal in secondary effluent

Oscillatory flow bioreactor (OFB) applied in enzymatic hydrolysis at high solid loadings