다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Foreword 1. Prosperity Lost 2. The Age of Irresponsibility 3. Redefining Prosperity 4. The Dilemma of Growth 5. The Myth of Decoupling 6. The 'Iron Cage' of Consumerism 7. Keynesianism and the 'Green New Deal' 8. Ecological Macro-Economics 9. Flourishing - within Limits 10. Governance for Prosperity 11. The Transition to a Sustainable Economy 12. A Lasting Prosperity Appendices References Endnotes

Prosperity without growth : economics for a finite planet

Biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of oil triglycerides with methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This study aims to report the results of the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel using CaO nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite as catalyst. The effect of the CaO nanoparticles concentration on the NaX zeolite surface was studied in the range of 5−25 wt %. The transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux temperature of methanol, atmospheric pressure, a reaction time of 6 h, and with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil. Catalyst characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that methyl esters content is highly influenced by basicity and that the best catalyst was the one holding 16 wt % CaO nanoparticles. The produced biodiesel was 93.5% methyl esters and was found to fulfill the specifications of Europ...

Preparation and Characterization of CaO Nanoparticles/NaX Zeolite Catalysts for the Transesterification of Sunflower Oil

The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.

Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

Non-thermal plasmas (NTPs) are a promising technique for abatement of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. In this study, the removal of cyclohexane as a toxic pollutant from ambient air was investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The effect of specific input energy (SIE) (1.2–3 kJ/L), carrier gases, residence time (1.2–2.3 s) and concentration (220–520 ppm) was evaluated. This work demonstrated that the removal efficiency of cyclohexane increased with increasing specific input energy and residence time. The removal of cyclohexane decreased with increasing concentration at constant SIE and residence time. The main decomposition products were CO2, H2, and lower hydrocarbons (C1–C4). The maximum removal efficiency (98.2%) was achieved at a specific input energy of 3 kJ/L and a residence time of 2.3 s in humidified air. Moreover, maximum O3 concentrations ( 10 ppm ) were observed at 3.0 kJ/L SIE in dry air. NOX was not detected, in any carrier gas. The effect of the presence of water vapour was investigated to determine whether it would reduce the formation of solid residue in the DBD reactor. One of the key findings was that humidification of the air at 25% entirely prevented the formation of solid deposits in the reactor. Humidification not only improved the removal efficiency of cyclohexane, but also increased the yield of H2 and CO2 selectivity. This was due to the formation of potent OH . radicals. In general, this study demonstrates that cyclohexane vapour in air can be almost 100% decomposed to smaller molecules by a non-thermal plasma DBD reactor by optimizing specific input energy (SIE), residence time, humidity, reactor configuration and plasma properties.

Removal of cyclohexane as a toxic pollutant from air using a non-thermal plasma: Influence of different parameters

Copyright: © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This is the authors’ accepted manuscript of the chapter and is reproduced with the permission of the publisher. The definitive, published version of the chapter is available from: http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047097267X.html Always use the definitive version when citing. Date deposited: 31 July 2014

/pdf/process-intensification-an-overview-of-principles-and-2k2f15x4t9.pdf

Adam Harvey

Papers

Removal of cyclohexane as a toxic pollutant from air using a non-thermal plasma: Influence of different parameters

Process Intensification: An Overview of Principles and Practice

Liquid culture of microalgae in a photobioreactor (PBR) based on oscillatory baffled reactor (OBR) technology - A feasibility study

Oscillatory fluid motion unlocks plug flow operation in helical tube reactors at lower Reynolds numbers (Re ≤ 10)

A study of the flow structures generated by oscillating flows in a helical baffled tube