다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Foreword 1. Prosperity Lost 2. The Age of Irresponsibility 3. Redefining Prosperity 4. The Dilemma of Growth 5. The Myth of Decoupling 6. The 'Iron Cage' of Consumerism 7. Keynesianism and the 'Green New Deal' 8. Ecological Macro-Economics 9. Flourishing - within Limits 10. Governance for Prosperity 11. The Transition to a Sustainable Economy 12. A Lasting Prosperity Appendices References Endnotes

Prosperity without growth : economics for a finite planet

Biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of oil triglycerides with methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This study aims to report the results of the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel using CaO nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite as catalyst. The effect of the CaO nanoparticles concentration on the NaX zeolite surface was studied in the range of 5−25 wt %. The transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux temperature of methanol, atmospheric pressure, a reaction time of 6 h, and with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil. Catalyst characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that methyl esters content is highly influenced by basicity and that the best catalyst was the one holding 16 wt % CaO nanoparticles. The produced biodiesel was 93.5% methyl esters and was found to fulfill the specifications of Europ...

Preparation and Characterization of CaO Nanoparticles/NaX Zeolite Catalysts for the Transesterification of Sunflower Oil

The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.

Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

Air-water two-phase flow regimes were identified quantitatively and qualitatively for four designs of oscillatory baffled reactor (OBR) over a range of oscillation conditions in semi-batch mode operation (continuous gas phase; batch liquid phase). The baffle designs assessed were helical baffles, smooth periodic constrictions, single orifice plate baffles and multi-orifice plate baffles. Oscillation in a smooth-walled tube was also characterised for comparison purposes. The designs were characterised over a range of oscillatory Reynolds number (Reo = 0–8000) and aeration rates, vvm = 0–1. All the reactors had the same geometrical parameters such as diameter, ratio of length to diameter etc. Three distinct flow regimes (bubbly flow, slug flow, and churn flow) were identified, which were similar to those found in conventional bubble columns (BCs), but the bubbly flow regime, which exhibits the highest rates of mass transfer, was observed over a wider range of oscillatory liquid velocities in OBRs. This was due to the flow patterns (usually vortices) and shear engendered by the interactions of the oscillatory flows and the baffle designs, which resulted in coalescence and breakage of the bubbles. The volumetric mass transfer coefficients, kLa, were significantly increased in the multi-orifice design, up to 7-fold, compared with that for a steady flow (no oscillatory flow) in a smooth tube (unbaffled column).

/pdf/mass-transfer-enhancement-as-a-function-of-oscillatory-1cv94b9yo1.pdf

Mass transfer enhancement as a function of oscillatory baffled reactor design

The role of heat pipes in intensified unit operations

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/237732/D564216F-4EB6-4955-9988-21EBF55C8B5B.pdf

Intensification of carboxylic acid esterification using a solid catalyst in a mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactor platform

Microalgae for biofuels via thermochemical conversion processes: A review of cultivation, harvesting and drying processes, and the associated opportunities for integrated production

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/253843/30062717-98BA-433D-B14D-110D6211F209.pdf

Adam Harvey

Papers

Mass transfer enhancement as a function of oscillatory baffled reactor design

The role of heat pipes in intensified unit operations

Intensification of carboxylic acid esterification using a solid catalyst in a mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactor platform

Microalgae for biofuels via thermochemical conversion processes: A review of cultivation, harvesting and drying processes, and the associated opportunities for integrated production

Kinetics and mechanistic investigation of epoxide/CO2 cycloaddition by a synergistic catalytic effect of pyrrolidinopyridinium iodide and zinc halides