Adam S. Frankel

TL;DR: An analytical paradigm to quantify changes in an animal's acoustic communication space as a result of spatial, spectral, and temporal changes in background noise is presented, providing a functional defini- tion of communication masking for free-ranging animals and a metric to quantify the potential for communicationmasking.

TL;DR: All three aspects of sound exposure (context, relative sound level, and chronic noise) mediate behavioral response are suggested to be integrated into ecosystem-level management and the spatial planning of human offshore activities.

TL;DR: Track and visual methods were used to track and observe humpback whales off the island of Hawai'i and found sixty-two singing whales located acoustically in water depths from 10 to 305 fathoms.

TL;DR: Methods of quantifying the effects of communication masking associated with human-induced sound on contact-calling North Atlantic right whales can be used to integrate chronic and wide-ranging noise effects in emerging ocean-planning forums that seek to improve management of cumulative effects of noise on marine species and their habitats.

TL;DR: It is indicated that rainbow trout hearing sensitivity, growth, survival, stress, and disease susceptibility were not negatively impacted by noise levels common to recirculating aquaculture systems.