Cancer immunoediting is a process by which immune cells, particularly lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, protect the host from the development of cancer and alter tumour progression by driving the outgrowth of tumour cells with decreased sensitivity to immune attack. Carcinogen-induced mouse models of cancer have shown that primary tumour susceptibility is thereby enhanced in immune-compromised mice, whereas the capacity for such tumours to grow after transplantation into wild-type mice is reduced. However, many questions about the process of cancer immunoediting remain unanswered, in part because of the known antigenic complexity and heterogeneity of carcinogen-induced tumours. Here we adapted a genetically engineered, autochthonous mouse model of sarcomagenesis to investigate the process of cancer immunoediting. This system allows us to monitor the onset and growth of immunogenic and non-immunogenic tumours induced in situ that harbour identical genetic and histopathological characteristics. By comparing the development of such tumours in immune-competent mice with their development in mice with broad immunodeficiency or specific antigenic tolerance, we show that recognition of tumour-specific antigens by lymphocytes is critical for immunoediting against sarcomas. Furthermore, primary sarcomas were edited to become less immunogenic through the selective outgrowth of cells that were able to escape T lymphocyte attack. Loss of tumour antigen expression or presentation on major histocompatibility complex I was necessary and sufficient for this immunoediting process to occur. These results highlight the importance of tumour-specific-antigen expression in immune surveillance, and potentially, immunotherapy.

Expression of tumour-specific antigens underlies cancer immunoediting

Annona muricata is a member of the Annonaceae family and is a fruit tree with a long history of traditional use. A. muricata, also known as soursop, graviola and guanabana, is an evergreen plant that is mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The fruits of A. muricata are extensively used to prepare syrups, candies, beverages, ice creams and shakes. A wide array of ethnomedicinal activities is contributed to different parts of A. muricata, and indigenous communities in Africa and South America extensively use this plant in their folk medicine. Numerous investigations have substantiated these activities, including anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-arthritic, antiparasitic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities. Phytochemical studies reveal that annonaceous acetogenins are the major constituents of A. muricata. More than 100 annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from leaves, barks, seeds, roots and fruits of A. muricata. In view of the immense studies on A. muricata, this review strives to unite available information regarding its phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological activities.

Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1331790.pdf

Annona muricata: A comprehensive review on its traditional medicinal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity

The crosstalk between inflammation and tumorigenesis is now clearly established. However, how inflammation is elicited in the metastatic environment and the corresponding contribution of innate immunity pathways in suppressing tumor growth at secondary sites are poorly understood. Here, we show that mice deficient in Nlrp3 inflammasome components had exacerbated liver colorectal cancer metastatic growth, which was mediated by impaired interleukin-18 (IL-18) signaling. Control of tumor growth was independent of differential cancer cell colonization or proliferation, intestinal microbiota effects, or tumoricidal activity by the adaptive immune system. Instead, the inflammasome-IL-18 pathway impacted maturation of hepatic NK cells, surface expression of the death ligand FasL, and capacity to kill FasL-sensitive tumors. Our results define a regulatory signaling circuit within the innate immune system linking inflammasome activation to effective NK-cell-mediated tumor attack required to suppress colorectal cancer growth in the liver.

The Nlrp3 inflammasome suppresses colorectal cancer metastatic growth in the liver by promoting Natural killer cell tumoricidal activity

However, this era also allow you to get the book from many sources. The off line book store may be a common place to visit to get the book. But now, you can also find it in the on-line library. This site is one of the on-line library in which you can find your chosen one to read. Now, the presented genetics in medicine is a book that you can find here. This book tends to be the book that will give you new inspirations.

Genetics in medicine

The Early-7 (E7) protein of HPV binds to the underphosphorelated form of the tumor suppressor protein – pRb and displaces the E2F transcription factor that is normally bound by pRb. The latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) of EBV prevents apoptosis of B cells by up regulating the expression of bcl-2, and it activates growth promoting pathway that are normally triggered by T cell – derivate signal. The aims of this study to know that in cervical cancer stay HPV and EBV.

Cervical cancer with Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein Barr Virus positive

Introduction: Now many studies conducted on the drug substance from nature that can serve as an anticancer agent as a potential chemoprevention agent, such as Annona muricata Linn leaf escort chemotherapy, which was flaring. The cancer cell in humans was included the loss of p53 protein function due to mutations in the protein gene. Other causes are that the p53 proteins are not functioning due to an increase in protein misfolding event chaperones and degradation events ubiquitous as binding by viral protein. Method: Cytotoxicity assay performed on 24 well plate micro-cultures. HeLa cells are as 2 × 10 4 cells in 100 mL in RPMI media. Created control is RPMI and solvent DMSO 0.25%. Cytotoxic Test performed by the method of calculation tryphan blue dye exclusion. Being fasted for 24 hours in the culture medium, then the cells are grown in micro-plate with media plus samples with a non-lethal concentration (LC50) of partition and fractionation Annona muricata Linn leaf. Sampling is performed at 24 hours. Each of these wells is calculated the number of living cells and made the curve of cell number and incubation time. Result: The results showed that HeLa cells are being LC50 partition of leaves Annona muricata Linn in ethyl acetate his cell death rate was higher (2000 µg/ml have 131.89%; 15.625 µg/ml have 11.37%) and in ethanol-distillate water his cell death rate was lower (2000 µg/ml have 35.80%; 15.625 µg/ml have 3.97%). Another results showed that HeLa cells are being LC50 fractionation of leaves Annona muricata Linn in chloroform his cell death rate was higher (2000 µg/ml have 91.86%; 15.625 µg/ml have 2.68%) and in ethyl acetate, his cell death rate was lower (2000 µg/ml have 23.79%; 15.625 µg/ml have 4.69%). Figure regression LC50 of HeLa cell culture treatment with partition or fractionation looks of regression test is the positive regression coefficient. Conclusion: Annona muricata Linn leaf in chloroform is a good candidate for chemoprevention escort chemotherapy for cancer causing viruses.

/pdf/annonaa-muricata-linn-leaf-induce-apoptosis-in-cancer-cause-2uzlmjpppt.pdf

Annonaa muricata Linn Leaf Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cause Virus

The main focus of the research is cancer by a viral infection such as nasopharinx and cervical cancer that have high incidence in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is due to the viral infection known as the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and nasopharing cancer is a cancer that is caused by EBV infection (Eppstein Barr virus). The main priority of nasopharinx and servix cancer treatment is the use of chemotherapeutic agents, but it might also lead to diverse side-effects. The focus of this study was to develop the potency of non polar fraction from Annona muricata L. leaves by observing the cytotoxic effect on Hela and Raji cancer cell line.

/pdf/cytotoxic-activity-of-non-polar-fraction-from-annona-1k2px77xxl.pdf

Cytotoxic Activity Of Non Polar Fraction From Annona Muricata L. Leaves On Hela And Raji Cell Line

The pathogenesis of cancer as whole (50%) is caused by gene mutation. Pathogenesis of cervical cancer has focusing on Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Early-7 (E7) proteins of HPV shell bind the Rb tumor suppressor gene, so pRb (Rb protein) canâ€™t express. Because of the E2F transcription factor gene canâ€™t bound with pRb, so E2F gene are going active and help c-myc for DNA replication and to stimuli the cell cycle. E6 protein of HPV is bind to and facilitates the degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product. The objective of this experiment is to known the expression of p53, Rb and c-myc proteins in cancer of uterine cervix. Nineteen blocks paraffin tissue of cervical cancer are cut in thoroughly cleaned cryotome and place in glass plate that covered with poly-elysine. The immunohistochemistry is done with monoclonal antibody anti p53, Rb and c-myc proteins. The Result of this experiment is shown that the expression of proteins of p53 protein is 40%, Rb protein is 30.8% and c-myc protein is 50.1%. The conclusion from this experiment is that the expression of p53, Rb and c-myc proteins in cervical cancer are in mild category (30-70%). The experiment about cervical cancer is suggested.Key words: cervical cancer; p53; Rb; c-myc; immunohistochemistry.

http://biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/D/D0603/D060302.pdf

The expression of p53, Rb, and c-myc protein in cervical cancer by immunohistochemistry stain

Background : Mental retardation (MR) is a serious public health problem for an country. The prevalence of mental retardation in Indonesia was estimated at 1-3% of the population. About 0.1% of whichneed treatment and guidance the whole life. This study aimed to determine the association between maternal age at pregnancy, socioeconomic status, physical environment, prenatal, perinatal, postnatal history, and mental retardation. Subject and methods : This was an analytic observational study with case control design. This study was conducted in Pare, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia,from October to December 2016. A total 105 study subjects, consisting of 35 MR cases and 70 controls were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The independent variables were maternal age at pregnancy, socioeconomic status, physical environment, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history. The dependent variable was mental retardation. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by logistic regression model. Results : Maternal age ≥35 years at pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of MR, and it was statistically significant The result showed that mother’s age while pregnant (OR=10.18; 95%CI=2.77 to 37.39; p<0.001). High socioeconomic status (OR=0.23;95%CI=0.07 to 0.81; p=0.022), good physical environment (OR=0.13; 95%CI=0.04 to 0.45; p=<0.001), good prenatal history (OR=0.24;95%CI=0.07 to 0.82; p=0.022), good perinatal history (OR=0.45;95%CI=0.15 to 1.40; p=0.168), good postnatal (OR=0.43;95%CI=0.14 to 1.35; p=0.148), were associated with a decreased risk of MR. Nagelkerke R 2 = 53.8% for this model. Conclusion : Maternal age ≥35 years at pregnancy increases the risk of MR. High socioeconomic status, good physical environment, good prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history, decrease the risk of MR. Keywords : mental retardation, maternal age at pregnancy, socioeconomic status, environment, pregnancy history. Correspondence:  Erna Nurochim. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 119-130 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.07

/pdf/association-betweenmaternal-age-at-pregnancy-socioeconomic-2f7tfrx7hj.pdf

Association betweenMaternal Age at Pregnancy, Socioeconomic Status, Physical Environment, Prenatal, Perinatal, Postnatal History, and the Risk of Mental Retardation

Adi Prayitno

Papers

Cervical cancer with Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein Barr Virus positive

Annonaa muricata Linn Leaf Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cause Virus

Cytotoxic Activity Of Non Polar Fraction From Annona Muricata L. Leaves On Hela And Raji Cell Line

The expression of p53, Rb, and c-myc protein in cervical cancer by immunohistochemistry stain

Association betweenMaternal Age at Pregnancy, Socioeconomic Status, Physical Environment, Prenatal, Perinatal, Postnatal History, and the Risk of Mental Retardation