Showing papers by "Ahmed Ali published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , a robust modified perturb and observe (MPO) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is proposed to improve the tracking speed of the PV system by dividing the solar module/cell P-V curve into four operating areas depending on the open circuit voltage estimation method.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the spread and severity of the different waves of COVID-19 using the available data of confirmed COVID19 cases and death cases in 12 countries with the highest total performed tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection in the world.
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had different waves within the same country. The spread rate and severity showed different properties within the COVID-19 different waves. The present work aims to compare the spread and the severity of the different waves using the available data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and death cases. Real-data sets collected from the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science were used to perform a comparative study between COVID-19 different waves in 12 countries with the highest total performed tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection in the world (Italy, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Spain, India, USA, UAE, Poland, Colombia, Turkey, and Switzerland). The total number of confirmed cases and death cases in different waves of COVID-19 were compared to that of the previous one for equivalent periods. The total number of death cases in each wave was presented as a percentage of the total number of confirmed cases for the same periods. In all the selected 12 countries, Wave 2 had a much higher number of confirmed cases than that in Wave 1. However, the death cases increase was not comparable with that of the confirmed cases to the extent that some countries had lower death cases than in Wave 1, UAE, and Spain. The death cases as a percentage of the total number of confirmed cases in Wave 1 were much higher than that in Wave 2. Some countries have had Waves 3 and 4. Waves 3 and 4 have had lower confirmed cases than Wave 2, however, the death cases were variable in different countries. The death cases in Waves 3 and 4 were similar to or higher than Wave 2 in most countries. Wave 2 of COVID-19 had a much higher spread rate but much lower severity resulting in a lower death rate in Wave 2 compared with that of the first wave. Waves 3 and 4 have had lower confirmed cases than Wave 2; that could be due to the presence of appropriate treatment and vaccination. However, that was not reflected in the death cases, which were similar to or higher than Wave 2 in most countries. Further studies are needed to explain these findings.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to identify patients with advanced liver fibrosis of all-causes using 1703 liver biopsies from patients seen at the Toronto Liver Clinic (TLC) between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 20, 2014.
12 citations
TL;DR: A fine-grained, multi-level, and multi-dimension taxonomy for explainability of AI decisions is presented in this article , where an experimental comparative analysis is presented for the explanation generated by common XAI algorithms applied to different categories of data to highlight their properties, advantages, and flaws.
11 citations
TL;DR: The authors performed a comprehensive benchmarking for end-to-end transformer ASR, modular HMM-DNN ASR and human speech recognition (HSR) on the Arabic language and its dialects.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a series of obtained crosslinked hydride composite hydrogel membranes were successfully prepared using solution-casting method and the experimental data of composite blended membranes can be used in optoelectronics devices.
Abstract: Abstract Metal oxides e.g., Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 loaded-hydrogel blended membranes composed of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVA/PVP, PVA/PVP/Al 2 O 3 , PVA/PVP/SiO 2 , PVA/PVP/Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) were successfully prepared on precleared glass plates by dip coating method. Meanwhile, series of obtained crosslinked hydride composite hydrogel membranes were successfully prepared using solution-casting method. Samples have been characterized for use in microelectronic devices. Results of X-ray diffraction revealed that the structure of doped sample with nanoparticle has a polycrystalline structure (hexagonal and Orthorhombic), while FE-SEM micrographs show grains in nanoscale and homogenous in nature of membranes. Interestingly, optical measurements of composites blended membranes were recorded using UV/Vis spectrometer. The optical parameters such as refractive index and optical energy gap were estimated. Moreover, complex dielectric constants were calculated optically for all composites, the experimental data shows the additive of nanoparticles composites has a direct energy band gap. Where, E g for PVA/PVP/SiO 2 , PVA/PVP/Al 2 O 3 and PVA/PVP/Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 at 1.82, 2.55, and 1.95 eV), respectively. While the sample PVA/PVP has an indirect band gap E g of value 2.24 eV. Finally, the frequency dependence of the transport properties was measured, where results showed improvement of dielectric behavior with metal oxides loading. The experimental data of composite blended membranes can be used in optoelectronics devices.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a single-stage three-phase modular flyback differential inverter (MFBDI) is proposed for medium/high power solar PV grid-integrated applications.
Abstract: This paper proposes a single-stage three-phase modular flyback differential inverter (MFBDI) for medium/high power solar PV grid-integrated applications. The proposed inverter structure consists of parallel modules of flyback DC-DC converters based on the required power level. The MFBDI offers many features for renewable energy applications, such as reduced components, single-stage power processing, high-power density, voltage-boosting property, improved footprint, flexibility with modular extension capability, and galvanic isolation. The proposed inverter has been modelled, designed, and scaled up to the required application rating. A new mathematical model of the proposed MFBDI is presented and analyzed with a time-varying duty-cycle, wide-range of frequency variation, and power balancing in order to display its grid current harmonic orders for grid-tied applications. In addition, an LPF-based harmonic compensation strategy is used for second-order harmonic component (SOHC) compensation. With the help of the compensation technique, the grid current THD is reduced from 36% to 4.6% by diminishing the SOHC from 51% to 0.8%. Moreover, the SOHC compensation technique eliminates third-order harmonic components from the DC input current. In addition, a 15% parameters mismatch has been applied between the flyback parallel modules to confirm the modular operation of the proposed MFBDI under modules divergence. In addition, SiC MOSFETs are used for inverter switches implementation, which decrease the inverter switching losses at high-switching frequency. The proposed MFBDI is verified by using three flyback parallel modules/phase using PSIM/Simulink software, with a rating of 5 kW, 200 V, and 50 kHz switching frequency, as well as experimental environments.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a hybrid of alumina and molybdenum disulfide with a 1:1 ratio by the mechanical milling for 40 h was proceeded to peel the molybin disulfides and cover the alumina particles with their layers, which improved the exfoliation of MoS 2 flakes inside the copper matrix.
Abstract: Abstract In this study, copper matrix composites were prepared using the cold and hot pressing technique and then investigated to select the suitable one for the self-lubricating applications. A hybrid of alumina and molybdenum disulfide with a 1:1 ratio by the mechanical milling for 40 h was proceeded to peel the molybdenum disulfide and cover the alumina particles with their layers. Three different samples like Cu, Cu/10 Al 2 O 3 , and Cu/hybrid 20(Al 2 O 3 –MoS 2 ) were mixed for 15 h. The ball-to-powder ratio in the two mentioned steps was 10:1. The X-ray analysis, HRTEM, Raman spectra, and scanning electron miscopy were used to study the crystal structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the new hybrid and prepared samples. The density was evaluated by the Archimedes method. Mechanical properties, including hardness, wear rate, and coefficient of friction, were investigated. The mixing for 15 h improves the exfoliation of MoS 2 flakes inside the copper matrix. A clear hardness improvement was achieved by adding alumina and the mixture of (Al 2 O 3 –MoS 2 ). The copper sample reinforced with the hybrid of alumina/MoS 2 gave the lowest mechanical wear rate and the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.17.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of pozzolanic materials used as chemical stabilizers for expansive soil is presented and discussed, including traditional, industrial, or byproducts, ashes of agricultural wastes, and calcined-clay types.
Abstract: Soils that cause effective damages to engineer structures (such as pavement and foundation) are called problematic or difficult soils (include collapsible soil, expansive soil, etc.). These damages occur due to poor or unfavorited engineering properties, such as low shear strength, high compressibility, high volume changes, etc. In the case of expansive soil, the problem of the shrink-swell phenomenon, when the soil reacts with water, is more pronounced. To overcome such problems, soils can be treated or stabilized with many stabilization ways (mechanical, chemical, etc.). Such ways can amend the unfavorited soil properties. In this review, the pozzolanic materials have been selected to be presented and discussed as chemical stabilizers. The selected pozzolanic materials are traditional, industrial, or byproducts, ashes of agricultural wastes, and calcined-clay types. They are lime, cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, sugarcane straw ash, egg ash, coconut husk ash, and metakaolin. In general, the stabilization of expansive soils with pozzolanic materials has an essential impact on swelling and Atterberg-limits and positively affects compaction and strength parameters. However, there is a wide range for the percentages of pozzolanic materials used as stabilizers. The content (15% to 20%) is the most ratios of the stabilizers used as an optimal percentage, and beyond this ratio, the addition of the pozzolanic materials produces an undesirable effect.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a non-isolated multiple input dc-dc converter (MIC) is proposed for all-electric hybrid energy storage systems, which is capable of bidirectional operation in noninverting buck-boost configuration and can accommodate the simultaneous energy transfer from multiple sources of different voltage levels to the dc bus.
Abstract: In this article, a novel nonisolated multiple input dc-dc converter (MIC) is proposed for all-electric hybrid energy storage systems. The proposed MIC is capable of bidirectional operation in noninverting buck–boost configuration and can accommodate the simultaneous energy transfer from multiple sources of different voltage levels to the dc bus. As compared to counterparts, the proposed MIC utilizes a smaller number of inductors and requires only one bidirectional switch to integrate any extra energy storage. Within the framework, a novel voltage transformation, operation modes, and control method are presented in detail. The performance and key features of operation with varying voltage levels and duty cycles of the proposed MIC are numerically verified through a high-fidelity hardware-in-the-loop platform and experimentally validated on an in-house test rig.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the microstructure, optical, thermal, dielectric, and mechanical properties of flexible oxidized cellulose (OC) films loaded with different mass fractions of cubic structure Bi0.5Na 0.25K0.25TiO3 by blending solution technique and casting method were characterized using infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the effect of biochar and Azolla extract on the growth, production, and quality of roselle plants and found that the interaction effect of both BC and AZ treatments at high rate significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of sepals by 47.16 and 60.59%.
Abstract: Abstract Although the use of biochar to promote plant growth has been reported by many researchers, the combined effect of prickly pear waste biochar (BC) and Azolla (AZ) in a field experiment on the roselle plants did yet receive attention. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the effect of biochar and Azolla extract on the growth, production, and quality of roselle plants. The experiment treatments were in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Biochar was added at rates of 0, 10, and 20 ton ha −1 and AZ was applied at rates of 0, 3, and 6% in addition to a control treatment. Biochar added at high rate (20 ton ha −1 ) significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of sepals by 27.98 and 35.73%, respectively, compared to the control. The corresponding values were significantly increased by 11.89 and 11.85% over the control when Azolla was added at rate of 6%. The interaction effect of both BC and AZ treatments at high rate significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of sepals by 47.16 and 60.59%, respectively, compared to the control. The interaction effect of BC and AZ realized significant effect on soil properties, growth and yield, as well as pigments of roselle plants. This is a good evident means that BC and AZ applications separately or combined are considered promising materials for sustainable organic agriculture and safety food.
TL;DR: The results upon induction of animals and upon treatment using of MTX significantly increased apoptotic rate of osteoclast compared to control, while using of 15.6 μg/ml.
Abstract: Background Z. coccineum is a facultative plant with many medicinal applications. This study examined the anti-inflammatory activity of Zygophyllum coccineum (Z. coccineum) in an arthritis animal model. Materials and Methods Seventy-Six Wistar Albino rats of either sex randomly divided into six groups (12/each). The inflammation model was done using Complete Freund's Adjuvant in albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were estimated at different dose levels (15.6, 31, and 60 mg/kg) as well as upon using methotrexate (MTX) as a standard drug (0.3 mg/kg). Paw volume and arthritis index scores have been tested in all examined animals' treatments. Histological examination of joints was also performed. Flow cytometric studies were done to isolated osteoclasts. Cytokines assay as well as biochemical testing was done in the examined samples. Results. In vitro studies reported an IC50 of 15.6 μg/ml for Z. coccineum extract in lipoxygenase inhibition assay (L.O.X.). Moreover, it could be noticed that isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, tribuloside, and 7-acetoxy-4-methyl coumarin were the most common compounds in Z. coccineum extract separated using L.C.–ESI-TOF–M.S. (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Microscopic examinations of synovial tissue and hind limb muscles revealed the effect of different doses of Z. coccineum extract on restoring chondrocytes and muscles structures. Osteoclast size and apoptotic rate examinations revealed the protective effect of Z. coccineum extract on osteoclast. The results upon induction of animals and upon treatment using of MTX significantly increased apoptotic rate of osteoclast compared to control, while using of 15.6 μg/ml. for Z. coccineum extract lead to recover regular apoptotic rate demonstrating the protective effect of the extract. Z. coccineum extract regulated the secretion of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Biochemical tests indicated the safety of Z. coccineum extract on kidney and liver functions. Conclusion. Z. coccineum extract has efficient and safe anti-inflammatory potential in an induced rat model.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This work proposes a methodology to augment the monolingual data for artificially generating spoken CS text to improve different speech modules based on Equivalence Constraint theory while exploiting aligned translation pairs, to generate grammatically valid CS content.
Abstract: The pervasiveness of intra-utterance Code-switching (CS) in spoken content has enforced ASR systems to handle mixed input. Yet, designing a CS-ASR has many challenges, mainly due to the data scarcity, grammatical structure complexity and mismatch along with unbalanced language usage distribution. Recent ASR studies showed the predominance of E2E-ASR using multilingual data to handle CS phenomena with little CS data. However, the dependency on the CS data still remains. In this work, we propose a methodology to augment the monolingual data for artificially generating spoken CS text to improve different speech modules. We based our approach on Equivalence Constraint theory while exploiting aligned translation pairs, to generate grammatically valid CS content. Our empirical results show a relative gain of 29-34% in perplexity and ≈2% in WER for two ecological and noisy CS test sets. Finally, the human evaluation suggests that 83.8% of the generated data is acceptable to humans.
TL;DR: A predictive modeling method is proposed for recognizing product consumer preferences to online (E-commerce) products as “Likes’ and “Dislikes” and the results were relatively higher than expected.
Abstract: Marketing campaigns that promote and market various consumer products are a well-known strategy for increasing sales and market awareness. This simply means the profit of a manufacturing unit would increase. "Neuromarketing" refers to the use of unconscious mechanisms to determine customer preferences for decision-making and behavior prediction. In this work, a predictive modeling method is proposed for recognizing product consumer preferences to online (E-commerce) products as “Likes” and “Dislikes”. Volunteers of various ages were exposed to a variety of consumer products, and their EEG signals and product preferences were recorded. Artificial Neural Networks and other classifiers such as Logistic Regression, Decision Tree Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Support Vector Machine were used to perform product-wise and subject-wise classification using a user-independent testing method. Though, the subject-wise classification results were relatively low with artificial neural networks (ANN) achieving 50.40 percent and k-Nearest Neighbors achieving 60.89 percent. Furthermore, the results of product-wise classification were relatively higher with 81.23 percent using Artificial Neural Networks and 80.38 percent using Support Vector Machine. Keywords—Electroencephalogram (EEG); brain-computer interface; neuromarketing; machine learning; artificial neural networks
TL;DR: In this paper , a stable, eco-friendly, and low-cost polyaniline@β-cyclodextrin (PANI@β -CD) nanocomposite via oxidative polymerization was synthesized for phenol adsorption from water waste since phenol pollution is a global danger to human and animal health and the environment.
Abstract: We synthesized a stable, eco-friendly, and low-cost polyaniline@β-cyclodextrin (PANI@β-CD) nanocomposite via oxidative polymerization for phenol adsorption from water waste since phenol pollution is a global danger to human and animal health and the environment. The production of the composite and synergistic alteration of PANI with β-CD resulted in 66% reduction in particle size from 59 nm (PANI) to 20 nm (PANI@β-CD) as well as better phenol adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the produced PANI@β-CD nanocomposite. Our results show the optimum conditions for phenol adsorption: time (50 min), pH (8.0), nanosorbent dose (0.5 g), and the sorption isotherm fitted with Langmuir model; the monolayer adsorption capacity of the prepared PANI@β-CD for phenol was determined to be 8.56 mg g-1. The average pore size, total pore volume, and surface area of PANI/βCD nanocomposite are 15.62 nm, 0.1586 cm3/g, and 90.901 m2/g, respectively, for the pseudo second order model. Finally, modifying PANI nanoparticles with βCD allowed reusability up to four cycles with superior adsorption performance of ∼95% using (0.01 N) HNO3.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors applied perturbation and observation (P&O) and incremental conductance (IncCond) techniques on a single-stage three-phase differential-flyback inverter (DFI) for grid current negative-sequence harmonic compensation.
Abstract: Central-type photovoltaic (PV) inverters are used in most large-scale standalone and grid-tied PV applications due to the inverter’s high efficiency and low-cost per kW generated. The perturbation and observation (P&O) and incremental conductance (IncCond) have become the most common techniques for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies of PV/wind generation systems. Typically, the MPPT technique is applied in a two-stage operation; the first stage tracks the MPP and boosts the PV voltage to a certain level that complies with grid voltage, whereas the second stage represents the inversion stage that ties the PV system to the grid. Therefore, these common configurations increase the system size and cost as well as reduce its overall footprint. As a result, this paper applies two IncCond MPPT techniques on a proposed single-stage three-phase differential-flyback inverter (DFI). In addition, the three-phase DFI is analyzed for grid current negative-sequence harmonic compensation (NSHC). The proposed system efficiently provides a MPPT of the PV system and voltage boosting property of the DC-AC inverter in a single-stage operation. Moreover, the MPPT technique has been applied through the DFI using the conventional and modified IncCond tracking strategies. Furthermore, the system is validated for the grid-tied operation with the negative-sequence harmonic compensation strategy using computer-based simulation and is tested under uniform, step-change, as well as fast-changing irradiance profiles. The average efficiencies of the proposed system, considering the conventional and modified IncCond MPPT techniques, are 94.16% and 96.4% with tracking responses of 0.062 and 0.035 s and maximum overshoot of 46.15% and 15.38%, respectively.
07 Jan 2022
TL;DR: This paper proposed a zero-shot learning methodology for intra-utterance code-switching (CS) in spoken content by augmenting the monolingual data with artificially generating CS text.
Abstract: The pervasiveness of intra-utterance code-switching (CS) in spoken content requires that speech recognition (ASR) systems handle mixed language. Designing a CS-ASR system has many challenges, mainly due to data scarcity, grammatical structure complexity, and domain mismatch. The most common method for addressing CS is to train an ASR system with the available transcribed CS speech, along with monolingual data. In this work, we propose a zero-shot learning methodology for CS-ASR by augmenting the monolingual data with artificially generating CS text. We based our approach on random lexical replacements and Equivalence Constraint (EC) while exploiting aligned translation pairs to generate random and grammatically valid CS content. Our empirical results show a 65.5% relative reduction in language model perplexity, and 7.7% in ASR WER on two ecologically valid CS test sets. The human evaluation of the generated text using EC suggests that more than 80% is of adequate quality.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the impact of cardiovascular complications on mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and associated comorbidities.
TL;DR: In this paper , the incidence of neonatal mortality rates (NMR) stratified by newborn size at birth for gestational age and identifies its predictors at five public hospitals in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Background Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are leading causes of under-five and neonatal mortality globally. Data about the timing of death and outcomes for LBW and preterm births are limited in Ethiopia and could be used to strengthen neonatal healthcare. This study describes the incidence of neonatal mortality rates (NMR) stratified by newborn size at birth for gestational age and identifies its predictors at five public hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods A prospective follow-up study enrolled 808 LBW neonates from March 2017 to February 2019. Sex-specific birthweight for gestational age percentile was constructed using Intergrowth 21st charts. Mortality patterns by birthweight for-gestational-age-specific survival curves were compared using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. A random-effects frailty survival model was employed to identify predictors of time to death. Results Among the 808 newborns, the birthweight distribution was 3.2% <1000 g, 28.3% <1500 g, and 68.1% <2000 g, respectively. Birthweight for gestational age categories were 40.0% both preterm and small for gestational age (SGA), 20.4% term SGA, 35.4% appropriate weight for gestational age, and 4.2% large for gestational age (LGA). The sample included 242 deaths, of which 47.5% were both preterm and SGA. The incidence rate of mortality was 16.17/1000 (95% CI 14.26–18.34) neonatal-days of observation. Neonatal characteristics independently related to increased risk of time-to-death were male sex (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR] 3.21 95% CI 1.33–7.76), born preterm (AHR 8.56 95% CI 1.59–46.14), having been diagnosed with a complication (AHR 4.68 95% CI 1.49–14.76); some maternal characteristics and newborn care practices (like lack of effective KMC, AHR 3.54 95% CI 1.14–11.02) were also significantly associated with time-to-death. Conclusions High mortality rates were measured for low birthweight neonates–especially those both preterm and SGA births–even in the context of tertiary care. These findings highlight the need for improved quality of neonatal care, especially for the smallest newborns.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of both annealing temperature and pressure on the structure, morphology, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been studied.
Abstract: Di-indium tri-sulfuric (In2S3) thin films are fabricated with annealing indium thin films in a sulfur environment. The effect of both annealing temperature and pressure on the structure, morphology, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of the prepared thin films showed different structural phases and morphology with varying annealing temperature and pressure. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the chemical composition and the atomic ratio of In/S for the In2S3 thin films. The optimum annealing conditions of In2S3 thin films are 550 °C and 100 Torr. The outcome results revealed a new good growth method for In2S3 thin films to be used for different applications.
TL;DR: Jweeg et al. as mentioned in this paper used chips and crumbs as aggregate substitution to fine and coarse aggregates together in making concrete and at different percentages of (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25)% by volume.
Abstract: • The workability and the strength of rubber concrete are decreased by adding rubber. • The failure of the rubber concrete samples was not brittle by using chips rubber. • A good advantage is decreasing the density and the conductivity of rubber concrete. • The mixed crumb with chips in the concrete gives more insulation by filling voids. Waste rubber tires are considered to have substantial environmental and economic impacts, and they are non-biodegradable. The aim of this study is to get rid of waste tires as much as possible and study their benefits and effects on concrete using (chips and crumbs) as aggregate substitution to fine and coarse aggregates together in making concrete (CRC) and at different percentages of (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25)% by volume. This use can reduce the risk and effect of waste tires. The tests reported a reduction in workability, compressive, and flexural values with the increase in the substitution rate of rubber, but other properties such as density and thermal conductivity improved, where the registered highest decrease was 2013 kg/cm3 to density and 0.56 (W/m.k) to thermal conductivity with replacement of 50% from waste rubber tiers as an aggregate, the workability registered the highest decrease of 35 mm, compressive strength was 18.5 MPa, and the flexural was 3.35 MPa. However, the failure of the (CRC) samples test was not as brittle and abrupt as in the control sample (NSC) in the flexural test. A R T I C L E I N F O Handling editor: Muhsin J. Jweeg
TL;DR: Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are novel circulating factors that can be used as biomarkers in various diseases and their unique and diverse kinds make them significant biomarkers as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Abstract Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are novel circulating factors that can be used as biomarkers in various diseases. Their unique and diverse kinds, as well as their role as biomarkers, make them significant biomarkers. There has been immense work carried out since the discovery of exRNAs in circulation and other biological fluids to catalog and determine whether exRNAs may be utilized as indicators for health and illness. In this review, we aim to understand the current state of exRNAs in relation to various diseases and their potential as biomarkers. We will also review current issues and challenges faced in using exRNAs, with clinical and lab trials, that can be used as viable markers for different diseases.
22 Nov 2022
TL;DR: This article developed a reference benchmark data set of code-switching speech recognition hypotheses with human judgments and validated the guidelines using 4-way inter-annotator agreement, and evaluated a large number of metrics in terms of correlation with human judgment.
Abstract: Code-switching poses a number of challenges and opportunities for multilingual automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we focus on the question of robust and fair evaluation metrics. To that end, we develop a reference benchmark data set of code-switching speech recognition hypotheses with human judgments. We define clear guidelines for minimal editing of automatic hypotheses. We validate the guidelines using 4-way inter-annotator agreement. We evaluate a large number of metrics in terms of correlation with human judgments. The metrics we consider vary in terms of representation (orthographic, phonological, semantic), directness (intrinsic vs extrinsic), granularity (e.g. word, character), and similarity computation method. The highest correlation to human judgment is achieved using transliteration followed by text normalization. We release the first corpus for human acceptance of code-switching speech recognition results in dialectal Arabic/English conversation speech.
TL;DR: In this article , a special case of maximum distance when Ś consist of one vertex and S consist of (n − 1) vertices, n ≥ 3, is defined, where p is the order of a graph G.
Abstract: The maximum distance between two subsets Ś and S of vertex set V(G) of a connected graph G is maximum distance between any two vertices u and v such that u belong to Ś and v belong to S. In this paper, we take special case of maximum distance when Ś consist of one vertex and S consist of (n – 1) vertices, n ≥ 3,. This distance is defined by:Where p is the order of a graph G.We founded Mn – polynomials, Mn – index, Hosoya polynomial and Wiener index for some special graphs such as: cog-complete, cog-star, cog-wheel, cog-path and cog-cycle.
TL;DR: In this article , the structural-based design of 3-Arylidene-2-oxo-indoline derivatives through docking of their structures in the active site of CDK2 as one of the dominant enzyme checkpoints was described.
TL;DR: In this paper , a flexible radial movement optimization based on a dynamic safety perimeter maximum power point tracking algorithm is employed to track maximum power out of a PV system and to ensure that the optimum voltage level at the common DC bus is obtained under partial shading conditions using fixed-tilt installation configuration.
Abstract: The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and utility grids has gradually gained significant interest in improving the sustainability of clean power supply for society. However, power quality remains a challenge due to partial shading conditions and harmonics. To overcome these drawbacks, a flexible radial movement optimization based on a dynamic safety perimeter maximum power point tracking algorithm is employed to track maximum power out of a PV system and to ensure that the optimum voltage level at the common DC bus is obtained under partial shading conditions using fixed-tilt installation configuration. Furthermore, a novel inverter control loop system with a double second order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (DSOGI-PLL) is also proposed to mitigate harmonics and improve the power quality of the grid interfacing PV system using MATLAB SIMULINK software. The proposed system has several merits, such as better harmonic suppression capability, control adaptivity, rapid tracking speed, low computational burden and phase and grid synchronization.
TL;DR: In this article , a green novel sorbent biological system from a chitosan (CS), gelatin (GT), and Chlorella vulgaris freshwater microalgae (m-Alg) composite impregnated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the remediation of bisphenol-A (BPA) from water.
Abstract: Water polluted by phenolic compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent biological system from a chitosan (CS), gelatin (GT), and Chlorella vulgaris freshwater microalgae (m-Alg) composite impregnated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the remediation of bisphenol-A (BPA) from water. C. vulgaris was selected to be one of the constituents of the prepared composite because of its high capability in phytoremediation. The morphology and the structure of CS/GT*m-Alg/ZnO beads were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Different monitoring experimental conditions, such as contact time, pH, BPA concentration, and sorbent dosage, were optimized. The optimum conditions for the adsorption process showed outstanding removal efficiency toward BPA at pH 4.0, contact time 40.0 min, and 40.0 mg L–1 BPA initial concentration. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models have been studied for adsorption equilibrium, and the best fit is described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics has been studied using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model shows the optimum experimental fit. The monolayer adsorption capacity of the prepared CS/GT*m-Alg/ZnO for BPA was determined to be 38.24 mg g–1. The prepared CS/GT*m-Alg/ZnO beads show advantageous properties, such as their high surface area, high adsorption capacity, reusability, and cost-effectiveness.
TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic review summarized current evidence in support of the optimum approach and concluded that there is no consensus on what the goal of an intervention should be, whether to aim for a cure through a high-intensity intervention or pursue immunologic disease control using the least intense approach.
Abstract: