Jenny Schneider,*,† Masaya Matsuoka,‡ Masato Takeuchi,‡ Jinlong Zhang, Yu Horiuchi,‡ Masakazu Anpo,‡ and Detlef W. Bahnemann*,† †Institut fur Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universitaẗ Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany ‡Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai Osaka 599-8531, Japan Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials.

A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

Increasing demand for finding eco-friendly and everlasting energy sources is now totally depending on fuel cell technology. Though it is an eco-friendly way of producing energy for the urgent requirements, it needs to be improved to make it cheaper and more eco-friendly. Although there are several types of fuel cells, the hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) fuel cell is the one with zero carbon emission and water as the only byproduct. However, supplying fuels in the purest form (at least the H2) is essential to ensure higher life cycles and less decay in cell efficiency. The current large-scale H2 production is largely dependent on steam reforming of fossil fuels, which generates CO2 along with H2 and the source of which is going to be depleted. As an alternate, electrolysis of water has been given greater attention than the steam reforming. The reasons are as follows: the very high purity of the H2 produced, the abundant source, no need for high-temperature, high-pressure reactors, and so on. In earlier days,...

Recent Trends and Perspectives in Electrochemical Water Splitting with an Emphasis on Sulfide, Selenide, and Phosphide Catalysts of Fe, Co, and Ni: A Review

This article provides a review about electroluminescence from organic materials and deals in detail with organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light-emitting electro-chemical cells (LECs) and electrogenerated chemilumi-nescence (ECL) reflecting different electrooptical appli-cations of conjugated materials. It is written from an organic chemist's point of view and pays particular attention to the development of organic materials involved in corresponding devices. In recent years a substantial amount of both academic and industrial research has been directed to organic electroluminescence in an effort to improve the processability and tunability of organic materials and the longevity of OLEDs and LECs. On the eve of the commercialization of organic electrolumi-nescence this review provides an overview of lifetimes and efficiencies attained and reflects materials and device concepts developed over the last decade. In this context electrogenerated chemiluminescence is discussed with respect to its importance as a versatile tool to simulate the fundamental electrochemical processes in OLEDs.

The electroluminescence of organic materials

A substantial amount of work has been carried out in the area of nanocomposite materials for optical applications. Composites are typically constructed by embedding an optically functional phase into a processable, transparent matrix material. By doing so, the optical properties can be utilized in more technologically important forms such as films and fibers. This review covers many areas of optical composite research to date. Composites with second- and third-order nonlinearities and laser amplification properties are discussed with examples from the recent literature. Other composites, including transparent magnets, may be made using similar structures. The principles used to construct these composites may have important technological applications soon and are therefore summarized in this review.

Nanocomposite Materials for Optical Applications

Donnees sur la construction, la caracterisation et l'evaluation d'un nouveau systeme pour generation photocatalytique d'hydrogene, qui comprend des cristallites de semiconducteur fixees dans une matrice polymere (Nafion), qui contient, aussi, un catalyseur de degagement d'hydrogene. Le rendement de production d'hydrogene a partir d'une eau contenant un donneur d'electrons sacrificiel (ion sulfure) est plus grand que celui obtenu, en general, a partir d'un semiconducteur en poudre ou colloidal sans support

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Hydrogen photoproduction by Nafion/cadmium sulfide/platinum films in water/sulfide ion solutions

The construction, characterization, and evaluation of a novel system for photocatalytic hydrogen generation that comprises semiconductor (CdS) crystallites embedded in a polymer (Nafion) matrix that also contains a hydrogen-evolution catalyst (Pt) are reported. Hydrogen-production efficiencies from water containing a sacrificial electron donor (sulfide ion) were greater than those commonly obtained with unsupported colloidal or powdered semiconductors under similar conditions. Several factors dramatically influence performance: the crystalline form and surface composition of the semiconductor and the extent of catalyst dispersion throughout the film.

H/sub 2/ photoproduction by Nafion/CdS/Pt films in H/sub 2/O/S/sup 2 -/ solutions

Clay-modified electrodes: Part II. Electrocatalysis at bis(2,2'-bipyridyl) (4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridyl)Ru(II)-dispersed ruthenium dioxide—hectorite layers

Albert W. H. Mau

Papers

Hydrogen photoproduction by Nafion/cadmium sulfide/platinum films in water/sulfide ion solutions

H/sub 2/ photoproduction by Nafion/CdS/Pt films in H/sub 2/O/S/sup 2 -/ solutions

Clay-modified electrodes: Part II. Electrocatalysis at bis(2,2'-bipyridyl) (4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridyl)Ru(II)-dispersed ruthenium dioxide—hectorite layers

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence, a chemiluminescent polymer based on poly(vinyl-9,10-diphenylanthracene)

1-(9-Anthryl)-3-(1-naphthyl)propane. Crystal and molecular structure of the photoisomer. Photophysics and photochemistry of the two isomers