다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346

Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology.

Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

The surface science of titanium dioxide

Influence of reaction parameters on the stereoselectivity of the nickel-catalyzed gas-phase hydrogenation of o-cresol. 2. Kinetic modeling

Design of New Chiral Modifiers for Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis on chirally modified supported platinum catalysts has undergone significant development recently. Based on the knowledge gained on the mechanism of the asymmetric hydrogenation of α-ketoesters, catalyzed by platinum modified with cinchona alkaloids, new efficient chiral auxiliaries have been developed and the scope of reactants has been extended. The research strategy which led to this progress and the results achieved are reviewed.

Progress in Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis: Design of Novel Chirally Modified Platinum Metal Catalysts

The heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation of activated ketones over chirally modified platinum is reviewed with emphasis on identifying the role of the various species observed in this catalytic system. The past years have witnessed a continuous broadening of the scope of this catalytic system including new reactants and modifiers affording over 97% ee. New reaction pathways have been uncovered and the kinetic and mechanistic studies have been faced with a number of complicating factors caused by spectator species and interactions in solution and on the Pt surface. The previously proposed mechanistic models are critically assessed in the light of these new findings.

Alfons Baiker

Papers

Influence of reaction parameters on the stereoselectivity of the nickel-catalyzed gas-phase hydrogenation of o-cresol. 2. Kinetic modeling

Design of New Chiral Modifiers for Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Progress in Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis: Design of Novel Chirally Modified Platinum Metal Catalysts

Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Activated Ketones on Platinum: Relevant and Spectator Species

Heterogeneous Catalysis ‐ An Interdisciplinary Approach.