다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346

Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology.

Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

The surface science of titanium dioxide

The formation and thermal stability of copper nitride and nickel nitride have been studied by thermoanalytical methods. Copper and nickel nitride formation by interaction of ammonia with the metal powders has been observed at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 450–650 K. Copper nitride was stable at temperatures < 600 K in both nitrogen and ammonia atmospheres; in these atmospheres nickel nitride was stable at temperatures < ca. 680 K. In a hydrogen atmosphere, the copper nitride was stable at temperatures < 380 K and the nickel nitride at < 430 K. The decomposition of copper nitride in a nitrogen atmosphere was exothermic by –88 ± 5 kJ mol–1. Nickel nitride, in nitrogen, decomposed in two observable steps: the first step was endothermic by 2.5 ± 0.1 kJ mol–1 and the second step was exothermic by –7.5 ± 0.4 kJ mol–1.

Formation and thermal stability of copper and nickel nitrides

Gold supported on Cu–Mg–Al and Cu–Ce mixed oxides: An in situ XANES study on the state of Au during aerobic alcohol oxidation

Asymmetric hydrogenation of 4-alkoxy and 4-methyl derivatives of 2-pyrones to the corresponding dihydro- or tetrahydropyrones over cinchona-modified Pd/TiO2 is fast under ambient conditions and affords good yields and high ee. cis-Tetrahydropyrones are obtained with 98–99% de. The ee can be further increased by kinetic resolution.

Alfons Baiker

Papers

Formation and thermal stability of copper and nickel nitrides

Gold supported on Cu–Mg–Al and Cu–Ce mixed oxides: An in situ XANES study on the state of Au during aerobic alcohol oxidation

Heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation of 2-pyrones over cinchona-modified palladium

Partial oxidation of methane to methanol in a flow reactor at elevated pressure

A green pathway for hydrogenations on ionic liquid-stabilized nanoparticles