Alfred K Lam

TL;DR: This review summarizes the functional mechanism and use of various immune checkpoint molecules in HNSCC, including monotherapies and combination therapies, and provides better treatment options for patients with HNS CC.

TL;DR: This review discusses how cancer cells acquire the plasticity, especially the role of the normal developmental process, tumour microenvironment, and epigenetic changes in the development of plasticity.

TL;DR: Given the robust negative predictive value, conservative active surveillance of BRAF mutation-negative low-risk PTMC is reasonable whereas the increased recurrence risk and other well-known adverse effects of BRAf V600E make the feasibility of long-term conservative surveillance uncertain for BRAf mutation-positive PTMC.

TL;DR: To conclude, management of PanNENs depends on various factors and further development of treatment strategies is required for improvement of survival outcome of patients with PanN ENs.

TL;DR: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland has distinctive clinical, pathological and molecular profiles and it is important to recognize this unique variant of thyroid carcinoma for possible curative surgical resection.