Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

A DNA test to sex most birds.

Demand for animal protein for human consumption is rising globally at an unprecedented rate. Modern animal production practices are associated with regular use of antimicrobials, potentially increasing selection pressure on bacteria to become resistant. Despite the significant potential consequences for antimicrobial resistance, there has been no quantitative measurement of global antimicrobial consumption by livestock. We address this gap by using Bayesian statistical models combining maps of livestock densities, economic projections of demand for meat products, and current estimates of antimicrobial consumption in high-income countries to map antimicrobial use in food animals for 2010 and 2030. We estimate that the global average annual consumption of antimicrobials per kilogram of animal produced was 45 mg⋅kg(-1), 148 mg⋅kg(-1), and 172 mg⋅kg(-1) for cattle, chicken, and pigs, respectively. Starting from this baseline, we estimate that between 2010 and 2030, the global consumption of antimicrobials will increase by 67%, from 63,151 ± 1,560 tons to 105,596 ± 3,605 tons. Up to a third of the increase in consumption in livestock between 2010 and 2030 is imputable to shifting production practices in middle-income countries where extensive farming systems will be replaced by large-scale intensive farming operations that routinely use antimicrobials in subtherapeutic doses. For Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the increase in antimicrobial consumption will be 99%, up to seven times the projected population growth in this group of countries. Better understanding of the consequences of the uninhibited growth in veterinary antimicrobial consumption is needed to assess its potential effects on animal and human health.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/18/5649.full.pdf

Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals

L'incidence annuelle du syndrome de Guillain-Barre est de 1,5/100000 habitants La mortalite actuelle est estimee a environ 5 % d'apres des essais therapeutiques recents, bien conduits Dix pour cent des malades gardent des sequelles motrices tres invalidantes un an apres le debut des premiers signes neurologiques La prise en charge de ces malades necessite des equipes entrainees, multidisciplinaires, pouvant pratiquer l'ensemble des therapeutiques specifiques La corticotherapie per os'ou par voie intraveineuse est inefficace Les echanges plasmatiques sont le premier traitement dont l'efficacite a ete demontree par rapport a un groupe controle Les indications sont maintenant mieux connues Les formes benignes (marche possible) beneficient de 2 echanges plasmatiques; 2 echanges supplementaires sont realises en cas d'aggravation Dans les formes intermediaires (marche impossible) et les formes severes (recours a la ventilation mecanique), 4 echanges plasmatiques sont conseilles Il n'est pas utile d'augmenter leur nombre dans les formes severes ou en cas d'absence d'amelioration De fortes doses d'immunoglobulines donnees par voie intraveineuse (lq IV) [0,4 g/kg/j pendant 5 jours] sont aussi efficaces que les echanges plasmatiques dans les formes intermediaires et severes Dans ces formes, le choix entre Ig IV et echanges plasmatiques depend des contre-indications respectives de ces traitements et de leur faisabilite Les travaux en cours ont comme objectif de mieux preciser les indications respectives des echanges plasmatiques et des lq IV dans des formes de gravite differente, leur morbidite comparee, la dose optimale des lq IV

[Guillain-Barré syndrome].

Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a widely accepted quantitative technique to measure the integrity of tight junction dynamics in cell culture models of endothelial and epithelial monolayers. TEER values are strong indicators of the integrity of the cellular barriers before they are evaluated for transport of drugs or chemicals. TEER measurements can be performed in real time without cell damage and generally are based on measuring ohmic resistance or measuring impedance across a wide spectrum of frequencies. The measurements for various cell types have been reported with commercially available measurement systems and also with custom-built microfluidic implementations. Some of the barrier models that have been widely characterized using TEER include the blood–brain barrier (BBB), gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and pulmonary models. Variations in these values can arise due to factors such as temperature, medium formulation, and passage number of cells. The aim of this article ...

/pdf/teer-measurement-techniques-for-in-vitro-barrier-model-vxtiaue3j0.pdf

TEER Measurement Techniques for In Vitro Barrier Model Systems

ORAL PRESENTATIONS References: Dahl, J., S_rensen, L.L. (2001): Association between carcass-swab-positivity and seroprevalence in herd of origin and estimation of the importance of cross-contamination on the slaughterline for Salmonella-negative herds In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens in Pork, Salinpork, Leipzig, 2-5 September 2001 pp 313.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1313&context=safepork

Macrolide resistance in porcine streptococci: a human health hazard?

In this study, 20 B. hyodysenteriae isolates were tested in an in vitro assay for their haemolytic capacity. Three isolates displayed a significantly lower haemolytic capacity than the other tested strains. To determine whether the haemolytic capacity correlates with in vivo pathogenicity, the pathogenic potential of six isolates with different haemolytic capacity was investigated in a mouse model (1).

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4142542/file/4142554.pdf

Virulence of strong and weakly haemolytic strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Infections with the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): treatment and (experimental) vaccination

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in wild rabbits in Flanders

Swine dysentery seems to be re-emerging in the worldwide pig industry, causing important economic losses. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates and increasing efforts to reduce the amount of antimicrobial drugs during pig production have created a growing interest in alternative control measures to ensure animal health. Various approaches such as probiotics, feed additives or the adjustment of the fermentable carbohydrate-content in feed (1) have been suggested.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4207110/file/4207113.pdf

An Martel

Papers

Macrolide resistance in porcine streptococci: a human health hazard?

Virulence of strong and weakly haemolytic strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Infections with the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): treatment and (experimental) vaccination

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in wild rabbits in Flanders

In vitro sensitivity of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components