Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

All our former experience with application of quantum theory seems to say:
{\it what is predicted by quantum formalism must occur in laboratory} But the
essence of quantum formalism - entanglement, recognized by Einstein, Podolsky,
Rosen and Schr\"odinger - waited over 70 years to enter to laboratories as a
new resource as real as energy This holistic property of compound quantum systems, which involves
nonclassical correlations between subsystems, is a potential for many quantum
processes, including ``canonical'' ones: quantum cryptography, quantum
teleportation and dense coding However, it appeared that this new resource is
very complex and difficult to detect Being usually fragile to environment, it
is robust against conceptual and mathematical tools, the task of which is to
decipher its rich structure This article reviews basic aspects of entanglement including its
characterization, detection, distillation and quantifying In particular, the
authors discuss various manifestations of entanglement via Bell inequalities,
entropic inequalities, entanglement witnesses, quantum cryptography and point
out some interrelations They also discuss a basic role of entanglement in
quantum communication within distant labs paradigm and stress some
peculiarities such as irreversibility of entanglement manipulations including
its extremal form - bound entanglement phenomenon A basic role of entanglement
witnesses in detection of entanglement is emphasized

Quantum entanglement

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Convex Analysisの二,三の進展について

Quantum networks provide opportunities and challenges across a range of intellectual and technical frontiers, including quantum computation, communication and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of many nodes and channels requires new scientific capabilities for generating and characterizing quantum coherence and entanglement. Fundamental to this endeavour are quantum interconnects, which convert quantum states from one physical system to those of another in a reversible manner. Such quantum connectivity in networks can be achieved by the optical interactions of single photons and atoms, allowing the distribution of entanglement across the network and the teleportation of quantum states between nodes.

The quantum internet

This is an updated version of supplementary information to accompany "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor", an article published in the October 24, 2019 issue of Nature. The main article is freely available at this https URL. Summary of changes since arXiv:1910.11333v1 (submitted 23 Oct 2019): added URL for qFlex source code; added Erratum section; added Figure S41 comparing statistical and total uncertainty for log and linear XEB; new References [1,65]; miscellaneous updates for clarity and style consistency; miscellaneous typographical and formatting corrections.

/pdf/supplementary-information-for-quantum-supremacy-using-a-3tkhfafpzk.pdf

Supplementary information for "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor"

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEn) are considered as substituents or additives for fossil diesel fuel. Efficiency of the synthesis is crucial for the development of industrial scale production plants. Therefore, the design of suitable catalysts and the efficient heating play important roles in OME fuel synthesis. In this work, microwave-assisted synthesis (MAS) is carried out and compared to a classical approach using standard thermal heating. Different polymeric materials, e.g., Amerlyst15, are utilized as catalysts, and screened for the catalytic synthesis of OME. Within this approach, the kinetics of the reaction are analyzed in detail. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/macp.202200020

Comparing Microwave and Classical Synthesis of Oxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers

We present a one-shot method for preparing pure entangled states between a sender and a receiver at a minimal cost of entanglement and quantum communication. In the case of preparing unentangled states, an earlier paper showed that a 2n-qubit quantum state could be communicated to a receiver by physically transmitting only n+o(n) qubits in addition to consuming n ebits of entanglement and some shared randomness. When the states to be prepared are entangled, we find that there is a reduction in the number of qubits that need to be transmitted, interpolating between no communication at all for maximally entangled states and the earlier two-for-one result of the unentangled case, all without the use of any shared randomness. We also present two applications of our result: a direct proof of the achievability of the optimal superdense coding protocol for entangled states produced by a memoryless source, and a demonstration that the quantum identification capacity of an ebit is two qubits.

/pdf/optimal-superdense-coding-of-entangled-states-4r0p3b3s6a.pdf

Optimal superdense coding of entangled states

We construct new protocols for the tasks of converting noisy multipartite quantum correlations into noiseless classical and quantum ones using local operations and classical communications (LOCC). For the former, known as common randomness (CR) distillation, two new lower bounds on the "distillable common randomness", an operational measure of the total genuine (classical) correlations in a quantum state, are obtained. Our proof relies on a generalization of communication for omniscience (CO) [Csiszar and Narayan, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 50:3047-3061, 2004]. Our contribution here is a novel simultaneous decoder for the compression of correlated classical sources by random binning with quantum side information at the decoder. For the latter, we derive two new lower bounds on the rate at which Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states can be asymptotically distilled from any given pure state under LOCC. Our approach consists in "making coherent" the proposed CR distillation protocols and recycling of resources [Devetak et al. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 54(10):4587-4618, 2008]. The first lower bound is identical to a recent result by Vrana and Christandl [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 65(9):5945-5958, 2019], which is based on a combinatorial method to achieve the same rate. Our second lower bound generalises and improves upon this result, and unifies a number of other known lower bounds on GHZ distillation.

Multi-User Distillation of Common Randomness and Entanglement from Quantum States

Programmable quantum processors for continuous-variable systems are defined, and investigated in view of their memory requirements, linking universal processors to their discrete counterparts, and deriving upper and lower bounds on the programmability of Gaussian transformations of Bosonic modes.

Infinite-Dimensional Programmable Quantum Processors

The purpose of these notes is to discuss the relation between the additivity questions regarding the quantities (Holevo) capacity of a quantum channel T and entanglement of formation of a given bipartite state. 
In particular, using the Stinespring dilation theorem, we give a formula for the channel capacity involving entanglement of formation. This can be used to show that additivity of the latter for some states can be inferred from the additivity of capacity for certain channels. 
We demonstrate this connection for a family of group--covariant channels, allowing us to calculate the entanglement cost for many states, including some where a strictly smaller upper bound on the distillable entanglement is known. Group symmetry is used for more sophisticated analysis, giving formulas valid for a class of channels. This is presented in a general framework, extending recent findings of Vidal, Dur and Cirac (e-print quant-ph/0112131). 
We speculate on a general relation of superadditivity of the entanglement of formation, which would imply both the general additivity of this function under tensor products and of the Holevo capacity (with or without linear cost constraints).

http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0206148

Andreas Winter

Papers

Comparing Microwave and Classical Synthesis of Oxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers

Optimal superdense coding of entangled states

Multi-User Distillation of Common Randomness and Entanglement from Quantum States

Infinite-Dimensional Programmable Quantum Processors

Remarks on additivity of the Holevo channel capacity and of the entanglement of formation