Statistics for Spatial Data.

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

Nature And Properties Of Soils

B6nassy, C., 1955. R6marques sur deux Aphelinid6s: Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron et Aphytis proclia Walker. Annls l~piphyt. 6: 11-17. Lord, F. T. & MacPhee, A. W., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia II. Oyster shell scale. Can. Ent. 79: 196-209. Pickett, A. D., 1946. A progress report on long term spray programs. Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Grow. Ass. 83 : 27-31. Pickett, A. D., 1967. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV. Can. Ent. 97: 816-821. Tothill, J. D., 1918. The predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Agric. Gaz. Can. 5 : 234-239.

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01976688.pdf

Soil enzymes: Kuprevich, V. F. & Shcherbakova, T. A.: Translated from the Russian edition (1966), published by the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, New Delhi 1971. 392 pp., offset printing from type script, paper cover. Obtainable from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion de Espana-CGL2007-28764-E / BTE, CGL2008-01632-E / BTE y CGL2009-06861- E / BTE

/pdf/effects-of-fire-on-ash-thickness-in-a-lithuanian-grassland-4pmoe5yfou.pdf

Effects of fire on ash thickness in a Lithuanian grassland and short-term spatio-temporal changes

. This research studies the distribution of organic C and intensity of water repellency in soil aggregates with different size and in the interior of aggregates from Mediterranean soils under different crops (apricot, citrus and wheat) and management (conventional tilling and no tilling/mulching). For this, undisturbed aggregates were sampled and carefully divided in size fractions (0.25–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, 2–5, 5–10 and 10–15 mm) or peeled to obtain separated aggregate layers (exterior, transitional and interior). Organic C content in the fine earth fraction of soils under different crops did not show important variations, although it increased significantly from conventionally tilled to mulched soils. The distribution of organic C content in aggregates with different size varied among soils under different crops, generally increasing with decreasing size. At the intra-aggregate level, organic C concentrated preferably in the exterior layer of aggregates from conventionally tilled soils, probably because of recent organic inputs or leachates. In the case of mulched soils, higher concentrations were observed, but no significant differences among aggregate regions were found. The intensity of water repellency, determined by the ethanol method, did not show great variations among crops, but increased significantly from conventionally tilled to mulched soils. Coarser aggregates were generally wettable, while finer aggregates showed slight water repellency. Regardless of variations in the distribution of organic C in aggregate layers from conventionally tilled soils, great or significant differences in the distribution of water repellency at the intra-aggregate level were not found in any case. Finally, the intensity of water repellency was much more important than the concentration of organic C in the stability to slaking of aggregates.

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Organic carbon, water repellency and soil stability to slaking under different crops and managements: a case study at aggregate and intra-aggregate scales

Se estudia el banco de semillas del suelo en la parte alta, media y baja de dos taludes de carretera de 33° de pendiente, con orientaciones norte y sur en Alberique (Valencia). Se tomaron 18 muestras (50 x 50 x 2 cm) que presentaron una densidad media de 5779 ± 2271 semillas m-2 y una riqueza de 21 ± 4 especies por muestra, siendo el total de especies encontradas de 41. La densidad de semillas del talud orientado al norte fue superior al orientado al sur (5906 ± 2787 y 5658 ± 1767) al igual que la riqueza de especies (24 ± 3 y 18 ± 3), siendo significativa estadisticamente solo las diferencias en la riqueza de especies. Las semillas de menor tamano fueron las mas frecuentes en el banco de semillas y se distribuyeron uniformemente a lo largo de la ladera, mientras que las semillas grandes se acumularon en las partes bajas y presentaron una mayor densidad en el talud orientado al norte.

/pdf/distribucion-del-banco-de-semillas-en-taludes-de-carretera-4e8vx5eoyo.pdf

Distribución del banco de semillas en taludes de carretera: Efecto de la orientación y de la topografía

Biohydrology gives a new view on hydrological research. The impact of biota on hydrological processes was a disregarded topic in the early years of hydrology research. It has been present since the 1960s, but as a „Cinderella“ research topic. It emerged as a new aspect of the hydrological processes after the 1980s. In the 21st century, it has become a well established research topic, bringing new knowledge to aid understanding on how biota influence the hydrological cycle and the rates of hydrological processes. The importance of biohydrology research is growing, and the number of conferences, publications and research projects is being doubled every decade. The 4th Biohydrology conference, held in Landau on 21–24 May 2013, addressed many contemporary issues surrounding water scarcity, climate change and increased pressure on land. Under the motto „Bio Meets Hydrology“, it has brought together ideas and conceptions of environmental specialists from biological, chemical and physical sciences with the hydrological sciences to discuss and to merge methods and conceptions. The conference focussed on the interaction between biological and hydrological systems, including positive impacts such as water harnessing and flood mitigation, and negative aspects including threats to food production, water repellency and environmental degradation through unsustainable land use practices. In this forum, designed to get different disciplines working together, experts from hydrology, ecology, soil science, biology, geography, forestry and engineering met, and acquired new ideas for their research. Results of the most recent and advanced biohydrology research published in Special sections on biohydrology in Biologia 2013 and 2014, as well as in the Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, are presented in this preface to the Thematic issue on biohydrology. The impact of vegetation cover on soil hydrological processes was the most frequent theme studied. In the first of 6 papers dealing with the biological soil crust (BSC), Canton et al. (this issue) evaluated the dynamics of organic carbon (OC) losses by water erosion as affected by BSC. Runoff and erosion rates, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and organic carbon bonded to sediments (SdOC) were measured during the simulated rain. The results showed different SdOC and DOC for the different BSCs and also that the presence of BSCs substantially decreased total organic carbon (TOC) compared to physical soil crusts. Within BSCs, TOC losses decreased as BSCs developed, and erosion rates were lower. Crust removal caused a strong increase in water erosion and TOC losses. Drahorad et al. (2013) estimated the changes in surface structure and wettability during BSC development on

Artemi Cerdà

Papers

Effects of fire on ash thickness in a Lithuanian grassland and short-term spatio-temporal changes

Organic carbon, water repellency and soil stability to slaking under different crops and managements: a case study at aggregate and intra-aggregate scales

Distribución del banco de semillas en taludes de carretera: Efecto de la orientación y de la topografía

Biohydrology research after Landau 2013 conference

History of Soil Science