Statistics for Spatial Data.

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

Nature And Properties Of Soils

B6nassy, C., 1955. R6marques sur deux Aphelinid6s: Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron et Aphytis proclia Walker. Annls l~piphyt. 6: 11-17. Lord, F. T. & MacPhee, A. W., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia II. Oyster shell scale. Can. Ent. 79: 196-209. Pickett, A. D., 1946. A progress report on long term spray programs. Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Grow. Ass. 83 : 27-31. Pickett, A. D., 1967. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV. Can. Ent. 97: 816-821. Tothill, J. D., 1918. The predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Agric. Gaz. Can. 5 : 234-239.

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01976688.pdf

Soil enzymes: Kuprevich, V. F. & Shcherbakova, T. A.: Translated from the Russian edition (1966), published by the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, New Delhi 1971. 392 pp., offset printing from type script, paper cover. Obtainable from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151

Los efectos de los incendios forestales en los suelos. Síntesis y conclusiones. Nuevos retos en la investigación y en la gestión

Economic, social, and climatic conditions affect agricultural production. Those changes are relevant to the rainfed agricultural areas of the Mediterranean Belt, including Spain—the largest producer of olive oil in the world. However, little is known about the effect of the climate on olive production and farmer income. In this study, the correlation between changes in rainfall and total olive production was examined using a long-term dataset (28 years) on conventional rainfed production and tillage soil management. The dataset focused on different olive groves in the municipality of Bailen (Jaen, Andalusia) that have been owned by the same farmer since 1966. The province of Jaen is the region of Spain with the highest production of olive oil and the largest area of olive groves. The data included annual rainfall, production per plot and the price of olives. After calculating missing data to complete the rainfall series, pairwise correlation analysis with nonparametric Spearman's rank coefficients and principal component analysis were used to process the data. The results showed that higher production coincided with increased rainfall during August and December. Therefore, we concluded that the impact of rainfall on olive production is variable and depends on drought intensity and the monthly rainfall distribution. An economic study showed that farmer income was highly dependent on the seasonal distribution of the rainfall among other factors such as the price of olives. Farmer income was low during drought periods, indicating that rainfed agriculture is perceived by farmers as unsustainable due to the resulting highly variable income. This study could help to prevent risks to food security in the future. We recognise that other key factors have also been important influences on the fluctuations in olive production over the years, such as soil properties and plant status. However, cultivating olives without irrigation—depending only on the total rainfall amount and rainfall intensity to supply all of the water consumed by the plants—is very risky too. This research demonstrates that the subsistence of Mediterranean rainfed olive farmers can be highly dependent on the rainfall conditions.

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Long‑term changes in rainfed olive production, rainfall and farmer’s income in Bailén (Jaén, Spain)

Comparing yield and growth characteristics of four pastoral plant species under two salinity soil levels

During the last decades the citrus orchards in the Mediterranean has moved from the lower
topographical positions to the hillsides searching a free frost climatic areas. All this has been possible since the introduction of the drip-irrigation, promoted by the urban development pressure on the coastal land and valley bottoms, and fomented by the cost reduction in the groundwater pumping. The new plantations occupy now spaces of high slope angles where the losses of soil are high. In spite of the change in the location of the orchards -from plains to hillsides - the soils are being intensely ploughed or applying herbicides in order to eliminate the weeds. The conservation and organic farming agriculture can help to detain the high losses of soil. Experiments with simulated rainfall (60 mm h-1) in citrus fi elds on the Montesa’s valley (Valencia) where herbicides have been applied, on straw mulch and cash crops applied were carried out to quantify very different rates from erosion according to the applied management. The rate of erosion was negligible on the straw mulch and cash crops, meanwhile on the ploughed fi eld reached 10 g m-2 h-1, whereas in those with herbicides the loss of soil ranged between 37 and 58 g m-2 h-1.

/pdf/erosion-del-suelo-en-plantaciones-de-citricos-en-laderas-4obn7e1bdk.pdf

Erosión del suelo en plantaciones de cítricos en laderas. valle del riu canyoles, valencia.

In this research, we survey soil erosion processes using an index of connectivity and a non-invasive and long-term assessment in situ technique: the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM), for whi...

Artemi Cerdà

Papers

Los efectos de los incendios forestales en los suelos. Síntesis y conclusiones. Nuevos retos en la investigación y en la gestión

Long‑term changes in rainfed olive production, rainfall and farmer’s income in Bailén (Jaén, Spain)

Comparing yield and growth characteristics of four pastoral plant species under two salinity soil levels

Erosión del suelo en plantaciones de cítricos en laderas. valle del riu canyoles, valencia.

Integrating in situ measurements of an index of connectivity to assess soil erosion processes in vineyards