Statistics for Spatial Data.

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

Nature And Properties Of Soils

B6nassy, C., 1955. R6marques sur deux Aphelinid6s: Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron et Aphytis proclia Walker. Annls l~piphyt. 6: 11-17. Lord, F. T. & MacPhee, A. W., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia II. Oyster shell scale. Can. Ent. 79: 196-209. Pickett, A. D., 1946. A progress report on long term spray programs. Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Grow. Ass. 83 : 27-31. Pickett, A. D., 1967. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV. Can. Ent. 97: 816-821. Tothill, J. D., 1918. The predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Agric. Gaz. Can. 5 : 234-239.

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01976688.pdf

Soil enzymes: Kuprevich, V. F. & Shcherbakova, T. A.: Translated from the Russian edition (1966), published by the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, New Delhi 1971. 392 pp., offset printing from type script, paper cover. Obtainable from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151

/pdf/respuesta-hidrologica-y-produccion-de-sedimentos-bajo-4dkvl2hxb1.pdf

Respuesta hidrológica y producción de sedimentos bajo diferentes cubiertas de tierras en campos abandonados de una cuenca mediterránea

The impact of olive leaves, mosses and the burrowing of wild boars on soil erosion in olive orchards

COVID-19 has infected over 163 million people and has resulted in over 3.9 million deaths. Regarding the tools and strategies to research the ongoing pandemic, spatial analysis has been increasingly utilized to study the impacts of COVID-19. This article provides a review of 221 scientific articles that used spatial science to study the pandemic published from June 2020 to December 2020. The main objectives are: to identify the tools and techniques used by the authors; to review the subjects addressed and their disciplines; and to classify the studies based on their applications. This contribution will facilitate comparisons with the body of work published during the first half of 2020, revealing the evolution of the COVID-19 phenomenon through the lens of spatial analysis. Our results show that there was an increase in the use of both spatial statistical tools (e.g., geographically weighted regression, Bayesian models, spatial regression) applied to socioeconomic variables and analysis at finer spatial and temporal scales. We found an increase in remote sensing approaches, which are now widely applied in studies around the world. Lockdowns and associated changes in human mobility have been extensively examined using spatiotemporal techniques. Another dominant topic studied has been the relationship between pollution and COVID-19 dynamics, which enhance the impact of human activities on the pandemic's evolution. This represents a shift from the first half of 2020, when the research focused on climatic and weather factors. Overall, we have seen a vast increase in spatial tools and techniques to study COVID-19 transmission and the associated risk factors.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/tgis.12792

A review of GIS methodologies to analyze the dynamics of COVID‐19 in the second half of 2020

(1) Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. artemio.cerda@uv.es , (2) Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. saskia.keesstra@wur.nl, (3) MED_Soil Research Group. Dep. of Crystallography, Mineralogy and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Seville, Spain. ajordan@us.es, (4) Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, USA. eric.brevik@dickinsonstate.edu , (5) Department of Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Palermo, viale delle scienze, Italy. agata.novara@unipa.it, (6) Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy. massimo.prosdocimi@gmail.com, (7) Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Departamento de Procesos Geoambientales y Cambio Global, Zaragoza, Spain. cazorin@ipe.csic.es , (8) Department of Water Engineering, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. najmeyazdanpanah@yahoo.com, (9) Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. mahmoodabadi@uk.ac.ir, (10) Department of Environmental Policy, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania.paulo@mruni.eu

Soil erosion measurements by means of experimental plots to determine best land management strategies in vineyards and olive orchards

Soils play a key role in the Earth System (Keesstra et al., 2012; Brevick et al., 2015). Soils are a key resource for the human societies (Mol and Keesstra, 2012) and they are relevant to achieve the sustainability such as the United Nations Goals highlight (Keesstra et al., 2016). Agriculture soils, especially those under conventional tillage, are prone to organic matter mineralization, soil erosion, compaction and increase of greenhouse gases emission (Novara et al., 2011; Bruun et al., 2015; de Moraes et al., 2015; Choudhury et al., 2016; del Mar et al., 2016). The adoption of organic farming and sustainable management practices may provide a sustainable crop productivity, and in the meanwhile mitigate the negative impact of agriculture on ecosystem services benefits (Laudicina et al., 2015; Parras-Alcantara et al., 2015; 2016). The aim of this study was to examine, under field conditions, the long-term changes of soil organic matter under organic farming management in citrus orchards in Mediterranean environment and evaluate the ecosystem service on C sequestration in terms of economic benefits. The research was carried out at the Alcoleja Experimental Station located in the Cànyoles river watershed in the Eastern Spain on 45year old citrus plantation. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) content was monitored for 20 years at 6 different soil depth. The profitability of citrus plantation was estimated under conventional and organic management. Results showed that SOM in the 0-30 cm soil depth was the double after 20 years of organic farming management, ranging from 0.8 g kg-1 in 1995 to 1.5 g kg-1 in 2006. The highest SOM increase was in the top soil layer (368% of SOM increase in comparison to the initial SOM content) and decreased with soil depth. The effect of organic farming was relevant after 5 years since land management change, indicating that in Mediterranean environment the duration of long term studies should be higher than five years and proper policy should be performed on these results. The ecosystem service evaluated trough the profitability of citrus orchard provided useful information for the assessment of ecosystem service payment which should be based on the real effect on potential SOC sequestration. Acknowledgements The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 603498 (RECARE project) and the CGL201347862-C2-1-R and CGL2016-75178-C2-2-R national research projects. References Brevik, E. C., Cerdà, A., Mataix-Solera, J., Pereg, L., Quinton, J. N., Six, J., and Van Oost, K. 2015. The interdisciplinary nature of SOIL, SOIL, 1, 117-129, doi:10.5194/soil-1-117-2015, Bruun, T. B., B. Elberling, A. de Neergaard, and J. Magid. 2015. Organic Carbon Dynamics in Different Soil Types After Conversion of Forest to Agriculture. Land Degradation and Development 26 (3): 272-283. Choudhury, B. U., A. R. Fiyaz, K. P. Mohapatra, and S. Ngachan. 2016. Impact of Land Uses, Agrophysical Variables and Altitudinal Gradient on Soil Organic Carbon Concentration of North-Eastern Himalayan Region of India. Land Degradation and Development 27 (4): 1163-1174. doi:10.1002/ldr.2338. de Moraes Sá, J. C., L. Séguy, F. Tivet, R. Lal, S. Bouzinac, P. R. Borszowskei, C. Briedis, et al. 2015. Carbon Depletion by Plowing and its Restoration by no-Till Cropping Systems in Oxisols of Subtropical and Tropical Agro-Ecoregions in Brazil. Land Degradation and Development 26 (6): 531-543. doi:10.1002/ldr.2218. del Mar Montiel-Rozas, M., M. Panettieri, P. Madejón, and E. Madejón. 2016. Carbon Sequestration in Restored Soils by Applying Organic Amendments. Land Degradation and Development 27 (3): 620-629. doi:10.1002/ldr.2466. Keesstra, S. D., Bouma, J., Wallinga, J., Tittonell, P., Smith, P., Cerdà, A., Montanarella, L., Quinton, J. N., Pachepsky, Y., van der Putten, W. H., Bardgett, R. D., Moolenaar, S., Mol, G., Jansen, B., and Fresco, L. O.: The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, SOIL, 2, 111-128, doi:10.5194/soil-2-111-2016, 2016. Keesstra, S.D., Geissen, V., van Schaik, L., Mosse., K., Piiranen, S., 2012. Soil as a filter for groundwater quality. Current Opinions in Environmental Sustainability 4, 507-516. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.007 Laudicina, V. A., A. Novara, V. Barbera, M. Egli, and L. Badalucco. 2015. Long-Term Tillage and Cropping System Effects on Chemical and Biochemical Characteristics of Soil Organic Matter in a Mediterranean Semiarid Environment. Land Degradation and Development 26 (1): 45-53. doi:10.1002/ldr.2293. Mol, G., Keesstra, S.D., 2012. Editorial: Soil science in a changing world. Current Opinions in Environmental Sustainability 4: 473–477. Novara, A., L. Gristina, M. B. Bodì, and A. Cerdà. 2011. The Impact of Fire on Redistribution of Soil Organic Matter on a Mediterranean Hillslope Under Maquia Vegetation Type. Land Degradation and Development 22 (6): 530-536. doi:10.1002/ldr.1027. Parras-Alcántara, L., B. Lozano-García, E. C. Brevik, and A. Cerdá. 2015. Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Assessment in Mediterranean Natural Areas: A Comparison of Entire Soil Profiles and Soil Control Sections. Journal of Environmental Management 155: 219-228. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.039. Parras-Alcántara, L., B. Lozano-García, S. Keesstra, A. Cerdà, and E. C. Brevik. 2016. Long-Term Effects of Soil Management on Ecosystem Services and Soil Loss Estimation in Olive Grove Top Soils. Science of the Total Environment. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.016.

Artemi Cerdà

Papers

Respuesta hidrológica y producción de sedimentos bajo diferentes cubiertas de tierras en campos abandonados de una cuenca mediterránea

The impact of olive leaves, mosses and the burrowing of wild boars on soil erosion in olive orchards

A review of GIS methodologies to analyze the dynamics of COVID‐19 in the second half of 2020

Soil erosion measurements by means of experimental plots to determine best land management strategies in vineyards and olive orchards

Long-term citrus organic farming strategy results in soil organic matter recovery