抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Executive Summary Introduction Methodology Used to Prepare the Guideline Epidemiology Incidence Etiology Major Epidemiologic Points Pathogenesis Major Points for Pathogenesis Modifiable Risk Factors Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation Aspiration, Body Position, and Enteral Feeding Modulation of Colonization: Oral Antiseptics and Antibiotics Stress Bleeding Prophylaxis, Transfusion, and Glucose Control Major Points and Recommendations for Modifiable Risk Factors Diagnostic Testing Major Points and Recommendations for Diagnosis Diagnostic Strategies and Approaches Clinical Strategy Bacteriologic Strategy Recommended Diagnostic Strategy Major Points and Recommendations for Comparing Diagnostic Strategies Antibiotic Treatment of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia General Approach Initial Empiric Antibiotic Therapy Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Adequate Dosing Local Instillation and Aerosolized Antibiotics Combination versus Monotherapy Duration of Therapy Major Points and Recommendations for Optimal Antibiotic Therapy Specific Antibiotic Regimens Antibiotic Heterogeneity and Antibiotic Cycling Response to Therapy Modification of Empiric Antibiotic Regimens Defining the Normal Pattern of Resolution Reasons for Deterioration or Nonresolution Evaluation of the Nonresponding Patient Major Points and Recommendations for Assessing Response to Therapy Suggested Performance Indicators

Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia the official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America (特集 救急診療ガイドライン) -- (海外のガイドライン)

There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

Stable non-Gaussian random processes , by G. Samorodnitsky and M. S. Taqqu. Pp. 632. £49.50. 1994. ISBN 0-412-05171-0 (Chapman and Hall).

International Journal of Computer and Applications

Introduction and Background: For long, the controversy has prevailed regarding the number of channels that should be involved in recording the P300 waveform or other long-latency event-related potentials (ERPs). There are several theoretical reasons which favor the technique of using multiple channels for ERP over a single channel. Most important is the possibility of, asymmetries in generator activity of a particular waveform. If there are asymmetries of the generator activity, it will result in topographical deviations of the P300 peak from the midline. Here, we provide support for multiple channel recording on the basis of our study results. Methodlogy: This was a cross-sectional case-control study. 17 normal individuals were recruited for the study. The auditory ERP data were collected using the auditory oddball P300 paradigm. The peak amplitudes obtained in CZ was compared with independent samples t-test with the peak amplitudes in all other electrodes. Results: There were significant differences between the amplitudes of P300 as recorded from CZ compared to the amplitudes of other electrodes. In line with the idea popular in literature, the maximum amplitude was found in the midline region which was however located at the parietal regions rather than the central region. Discussion: Our results show two important findings which should be taken into account while interpreting the active electrode as the major source of P300 recording. The first and foremost seems to be that the standard deviations and variances of the amplitude values that we observed were very high, sometimes even more than the mean values. Second, there are irregularities in the localizations of maximum amplitudes in between individuals. On the basis of these findings, we recommend multiple channel recording for P300 ERPs.

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Inter-channel variations in P300 amplitudes-an advocacy for multichannel recording

/pdf/a-quantitative-assessment-of-body-iron-status-and-its-339e6m8jbf.pdf

A quantitative assessment of body iron status and its relationship with glycemic control in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata

Hoffman's syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy, which causes proximal muscle weakness and pseudohypertrophy of muscles. It is a complication of untreated or uncontrolled Hypothyroidism.The neurological manifestations of hypothyroidism usually occur late in the course of disease. It is quite rare to present with neurological manifestations in the earlier stage of disease. Very few cases of Hoffman’s syndrome were reported from India. Here we report a case of 27-year-old male who presented to the medicine OPD with initial symptoms of proximal muscle weakness, fatigue and calf muscle hypertrophy. On further evaluation patient was found to have hypothyroid myopathy in the form of Hoffman’s syndrome.

Hoffman’s syndrome-a rare neurological presentation of hypothyroid myopathy

In this article, the infinite series form of the probability densities of tempered stable and inverse tempered stable subordinators are obtained using Mellin transform. Further, the densities of the products and quotients of stable and inverse stable subordinators are worked out. The asymptotic behaviors of these densities are obtained as x → 0 + . Similar results for tempered and inverse tempered stable subordinators are discussed. Our results provide alternative methods to find the densities of these subordinators and complement the results available in literature. 

Inverse tempered stable subordinators and related processes with Mellin transform

Oxide–metal–oxide (OMO)‐based stacks are highly attractive by virtue of their favorable properties for being used as a top transparent electrode (TE) in semitransparent solar cells. Herein, getting the best trade‐off between performance and transparency is focused on by optimizing the OMO electrode and the device layers with the help of optical simulation. NiO/Ag/SnO2 as the OMO electrode integrated into a device having SnO2, Spiro‐OMeTAD, and MAPbI3 as the electron transport layer, hole transport layer, and photoactive layer, respectively, in n–i–p geometry is investigated. It is shown that an optimized OMO electrode in terms of average visible transparency (AVT) does not translate to the best device performance. It is found that for the overcoat to undercoat oxide layer ratio of 1.17, a maximum short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 4.34 mA cm−2 is achieved while a maximum AVT of 21.55% is obtained for a ratio of 0.78. On further optimization of the MAPbI3 thickness, for an oxide ratio of 1, a modeled device with 4.58 mA cm−2 with AVT of 31.55% is demonstrated. In addition, it is also found that by integrating an optical spacer layer after the OMO electrode, the JSC of the device shows a jump of >115% to 9.86 mA cm−2.

Arun Kumar

Papers

Inter-channel variations in P300 amplitudes-an advocacy for multichannel recording

A quantitative assessment of body iron status and its relationship with glycemic control in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata

Hoffman’s syndrome-a rare neurological presentation of hypothyroid myopathy

Inverse tempered stable subordinators and related processes with Mellin transform

Oxide–Metal–Oxide Based Transparent Electrodes and Their Potential Application in Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells‐Optical Modeling Studies