抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Executive Summary Introduction Methodology Used to Prepare the Guideline Epidemiology Incidence Etiology Major Epidemiologic Points Pathogenesis Major Points for Pathogenesis Modifiable Risk Factors Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation Aspiration, Body Position, and Enteral Feeding Modulation of Colonization: Oral Antiseptics and Antibiotics Stress Bleeding Prophylaxis, Transfusion, and Glucose Control Major Points and Recommendations for Modifiable Risk Factors Diagnostic Testing Major Points and Recommendations for Diagnosis Diagnostic Strategies and Approaches Clinical Strategy Bacteriologic Strategy Recommended Diagnostic Strategy Major Points and Recommendations for Comparing Diagnostic Strategies Antibiotic Treatment of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia General Approach Initial Empiric Antibiotic Therapy Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Adequate Dosing Local Instillation and Aerosolized Antibiotics Combination versus Monotherapy Duration of Therapy Major Points and Recommendations for Optimal Antibiotic Therapy Specific Antibiotic Regimens Antibiotic Heterogeneity and Antibiotic Cycling Response to Therapy Modification of Empiric Antibiotic Regimens Defining the Normal Pattern of Resolution Reasons for Deterioration or Nonresolution Evaluation of the Nonresponding Patient Major Points and Recommendations for Assessing Response to Therapy Suggested Performance Indicators

Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia the official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America (特集 救急診療ガイドライン) -- (海外のガイドライン)

There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

Stable non-Gaussian random processes , by G. Samorodnitsky and M. S. Taqqu. Pp. 632. £49.50. 1994. ISBN 0-412-05171-0 (Chapman and Hall).

International Journal of Computer and Applications

/pdf/comparison-between-efficacy-of-single-dose-caudal-4veii9hpa1.pdf

Comparison between Efficacy of Single Dose Caudal Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine for Post-Operative Analgesia following Infraumbilical Surgeries in Paediatric Patients

Schwannomas are neurogenic, benign, well circumscribed tumors arising from schwann cells. Schwann cells are neural originating cell. These are either sporadic or inherited with sporadic being most common. In about 3% of patients, association with neuro-fibromatosis 2 gene is documented. Primary mesenteric schwannoma is extremely rare with establishing a pre-operative diagnosis almost impossible. Imaging modalities including computed tomography as well as MRI fails to make a diagnosis due to the non-specific characteristics. Surgery is curative with histopathological examination and immunostaining establishing the final diagnosis post-operatively. Immunostaining helps in differentiating it from other conditions such as gastro-intestinal stromal tumors as well as malignancies. Rarity of this condition make this case report of a 32-year-old male unique.

/pdf/mesenteric-schwannoma-a-rarity-or-rising-trend-37h70zq2b8.pdf

Mesenteric schwannoma: a rarity or rising trend?

Purpose : The current research focused on knowledge management in Indian higher education. Knowledge management is an important aspect of higher education, as it helps institutions to effectively manage and share knowledge to enhance teaching, learning, and research outcomes. In the context of Indian higher education, there are several policy implications that can help to improve the effectiveness of knowledge management. Methodology : The research paper was prepared based on secondary data. These include creating a comprehensive knowledge management framework, encouraging collaboration among institutions, investing in technology infrastructure, fostering a culture of knowledge sharing, and supporting open access to research publications and educational resources. Findings : I found that knowledge management in Indian higher education requires a multi-faceted approach that involves policy support, technological investments, and a culture of collaboration and knowledge sharing. As the Government of India welcomes foreign universities, the significance of knowledge management becomes even more vital. Implementing these policy implications can help to improve the effectiveness of KM in Indian higher education and support the development of a more robust knowledge-based economy. Practical Implications : It is recommended that the government framework should also include guidelines for the development and implementation of knowledge management systems in higher education institutions. Collaboration among institutions is essential for effective knowledge management. The government should encourage institutions to collaborate with each other to share knowledge and resources. This can be done by creating networks or consortia of institutions that work together on specific projects or initiatives. Originality : Unlike prior research on knowledge management, the current work is to provide a comprehensive understanding of KM in higher education across various mediums. 

Knowledge Management in Indian Higher Education – Issues and Challenges

Prolonged Grief Disorder is a common and debilitating condition with diagnostic criteria that have only recently been proposed and tested, primarily in the United States. Widows who had lost their husbands in communal riots in 2002 in India were evaluated for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) using validated diagnostic criteria. Of the 110 widows studied, 24 (21.8%) met criteria for PGD, 60 (54.5%) met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) and 33 (30.0%) met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Phi coefficients revealed some modest overlap between diagnoses; PGD and MDD: phi=0.261; PGD and PTSD: phi=0.375; MDD and PTSD: phi=0.398. A minority (37.3%) of the women did not meet criteria for any of the assessed mental disorders. Self-reported emotional impact of trauma and having another family member injured in the riots were present more frequently among women with PGD compared to women with MDD and PTSD, respectively (p<0.05). Compared with widows without PGD, widows with PGD had the highest mean levels of disability and psychiatric distress, including suicidality, with 75% reporting suicidal ideation. Muslim women reported significantly (p<0.05) more global distress than Hindu women, indicating a need for future research on cultural and religious influences on widowhood. PGD is a significant problem among Indian widows who survived communal violence.

Prolonged Grief Disorder among Indian Women Widowed by Communal

In this paper, various controlling techniques used to control Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine have been studied. They are designing and implementation of PID controller, PD controller, linear quadratic regulators, and Fuzzy Logic controller for control operations for CNC machine, based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques.

https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1504033.pdf

Arun Kumar

Papers

Comparison between Efficacy of Single Dose Caudal Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine for Post-Operative Analgesia following Infraumbilical Surgeries in Paediatric Patients

Mesenteric schwannoma: a rarity or rising trend?

Knowledge Management in Indian Higher Education – Issues and Challenges

Prolonged Grief Disorder among Indian Women Widowed by Communal

Control Strategies for CNC Machine Tools