Ayumi Maeda

TL;DR: Investigation of the molecular basis of insulin resistance elicited by FFAs using the human hepatocyte cell line HepG2 revealed that palmitate facilitates ubiquitination of the key insulin signaling molecules, and subsequently elicits their proteasomal degradation.

TL;DR: Safranal, the saffron's aroma compound, is a principal PTP1B inhibitor, and induces a ligand-independent activation of insulin signaling in cultured myotubes, and 2-wk oral administration of 20 mg/kg/day safranal improved impaired glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice.

TL;DR: PQQ induces the ligand-independent activation of insulin signaling by inhibiting cellular PTP1B and enhances glucose uptake through the translocation of glucose transporter 4 in mouse C2C12 myotubes and demonstrates that oral administration of PQQ improved impaired glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice.

TL;DR: Piperine in pepper prevents hyperglycemia by GLUT4 translocation through CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling via TRPV1-dependent increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level and ROS generation.

TL;DR: PEITC causes the ligand-independent phosphorylation of Ob-Rb, JAK2, and STAT3 by inhibiting cellular PTP1B in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, suggesting that PEITC might help prevent and improve obesity.