Showing papers in "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2015"

TL;DR: This review focuses on discussing various techniques used to study non-covalent interactions that occur between drugs and DNA and reports several techniques that may be employed to analyse the binding mode of a drug with DNA.

TL;DR: A phylogeny of four heme peroxidase superfamilies is presented in this paper. But the phylogeny is restricted to four families (peroxidases, catalase, cyclooxygenase, chlorite dismutase, and peroxygenases).

TL;DR: How the Keap1-Nrf2 system protects the body against diabetes mellitus and how perturbations in this system provoke the disease condition are now under intense investigation.

TL;DR: The focus will be on the effects of carotenoids as nutritional regulators of adipose tissue biology and both animal and human studies, which support a role of carOTenoids and retinoids in the prevention of abdominal adiposity.

TL;DR: Much of the existing knowledge concerning carotenoids chemical characteristics, physico-chemical properties, analysis, distribution in foods, bioavailability and likely biological activities is reviewed.

TL;DR: Treatment of powdered lignocellulose with Dyp1B in the presence of Mn(II) and hydrogen peroxide leads to the release of a low molecular weight lignin fragment, which has been identified by mass spectrometry as a β-aryl ether lign in dimer containing one G unit and one H unit bearing a benzylic ketone.

TL;DR: The differences and similarities of structure and function among this family are reviewed and a reasonable new classification of DyP-type peroxidase family is proposed, that is, class P, I and V.

TL;DR: Results indicated that quercetin was able to ameliorate all markers of inflammation and oxidative stress measured and inhibited the 2-fold increase of NF-қB activity observed in lung, liver and joint after induction of arthritis.

TL;DR: In this study, simple and sensitive in vitro methods are developed which provide information on potent combinations suitable for inclusion in clinical studies for cancer prevention and synergistic inhibition of prostate and mammary cancer cell growth was evident when using combinations of low concentrations of various carotenoids or carOTenoids with retinoic acid and the active metabolite of vitamin-D.

TL;DR: The conceptual frame, state-of-the-art and recent developments of three critical "structural" issues in structure-based drug lead discovery: the use of homology modeling to accurately model the binding site when no experimental structures are available, the necessity of accounting for the dynamics of intrinsically flexible systems as proteins, and the importance of considering active site water molecules in lead identification and optimization campaigns are considered.

TL;DR: Understanding the shared underlying mechanism will provide more flexible and efficient use of SOD deficiency or irradiation to model age-related changes in cognitive functions and identify potential therapeutic or intervention methods.

TL;DR: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the receptor-based virtual screening process and of its importance in the present drug discovery and development paradigm.

TL;DR: This review covers both fields of cryo-FIB applications: specimen preparation for TEM Cryo-tomography and volume imaging by cryo -FIB/SEM tomography.

TL;DR: Electron cryomicroscopy has experienced a quantum leap in its capability in recent years, and is now possible to obtain near-atomic resolution 3D density maps of macromolecular assemblies using single particle cryoEM without the need for crystals.

TL;DR: Chlorambucil was found to interact via external binding mode and follow groove binding as it replaces Hoechst (a typical groove binder) from the groove of DNA but does not replace intercalating dyes including ethidium bromide and acridine orange from the DNA helix.

TL;DR: Investigation of the molecular basis of insulin resistance elicited by FFAs using the human hepatocyte cell line HepG2 revealed that palmitate facilitates ubiquitination of the key insulin signaling molecules, and subsequently elicits their proteasomal degradation.

TL;DR: Data is provided for the first time on the molecular mechanism evoked by (-)-citronellal in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the identified olfactory receptor could serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis reveals the existence of at least five classes of DyPs, and their potential physiological roles are discussed based in part on synteny analyses and the considerable biotechnological potential is summarized.

TL;DR: DyP degradation of substituted anthraquinone dyes most probably proceeds via typical one-electron peroxidase oxidations and product breakdown without a DyP-catalyzed hydrolase reaction, and a significant contribution to lignin degradation is unlikely because of the low activity on high redox-potential substrates.

TL;DR: This review focuses on how the functional relevance of the lowest-frequency modes of proteins was established and on how this kind of analysis can be both quick and simple to handle.

TL;DR: In this personal, historic account of macromolecular transmission electron microscopy (TEM), published data from the 1940s through to recent times is surveyed, within the context of the remarkable progress that has been achieved during this time period.

TL;DR: This work focuses on oxidative stress responses in the brains of certain mouse models as well as extremophilic vertebrates, exploring the naturally evolved biological tools utilized to cope with seasonal or environmentally variable oxygen availability to mitigate its propagation of age-associated diseases.

TL;DR: EC prevented TNFα-mediated Caco-2 cell barrier permeabilization in part through the inhibition of NOX/NF-κB activation and downstream TJ disruption, and could contribute to ameliorate IBD-associated increased intestinal permeability.

TL;DR: The data indicate that all-trans-β-carotene is the likely substrate of StCCD4 in planta, and that this carotene may be precursor of an unknown compound involved in tuber development.

TL;DR: Changes in Wistar rats likely occur as a consequence of reduced sensitivity and increased insulin resistance in multiple insulin-dependent and non-dependent tissues, producing a biochemical phenotype similar to metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

TL;DR: Results show that an intervention with L and Z can increase processing speed even in young healthy subjects, and both MPOD and tCSF improved significantly as a result of supplementation.

TL;DR: Significant amelioration of oxidative stress was observed with an increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue and it is suggested that supplementation with dietary riboflavin might help in the reduction of diabetic complications.

TL;DR: This work has shown that to cope with oxidative stress different strategies are conceivably developed, given that bacteria live in enormously diverse environments.

TL;DR: The principles of the methods are reviewed along with the current status of validations so the reader can assess the merits of the optical methods in their respective fields of interest.

TL;DR: This work reviews the biochemical and biophysical basis of pHLIPs' unique properties, diagnostic and therapeutic applications, and the principles upon which translational applications are being developed.