The richness of optical and electronic properties of graphene attracts enormous interest. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, in addition to flexibility, robustness and environmental stability. So far, the main focus has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices. However, we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics, where the combination of its unique optical and electronic properties can be fully exploited, even in the absence of a bandgap, and the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability. The rise of graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is shown by several recent results, ranging from solar cells and light-emitting devices to touch screens, photodetectors and ultrafast lasers. Here we review the state-of-the-art in this emerging field.

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Graphene photonics and optoelectronics

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

/pdf/science-and-technology-roadmap-for-graphene-related-two-4q9m7czlkc.pdf

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

Acenes have long been the subject of intense study because of the unique electronic properties associated with their pi-bond topology. Recent reports of impressive semiconductor properties of larger homologues have reinvigorated research in this field, leading to new methods for their synthesis, functionalization, and purification, as well as for fabricating organic electronic components. Studies performed on high-purity acene single crystals revealed their intrinsic electronic properties and provide useful benchmarks for thin film device research. New approaches to add functionality were developed to improve the processability of these materials in solution. These new functionalization strategies have recently allowed the synthesis of acenes larger than pentacene, which have hitherto been largely unavailable and poorly studied, as well as investigation of their associated structure/property relationships.

The larger acenes: versatile organic semiconductors.

The present invention provides stretchable, and optionally printable, semiconductors and electronic circuits capable of providing good performance when stretched, compressed, flexed or otherwise deformed. Stretchable semiconductors and electronic circuits of the present invention preferred for some applications are flexible, in addition to being stretchable, and thus are capable of significant elongation, flexing, bending or other deformation along one or more axes. Further, stretchable semiconductors and electronic circuits of the present invention may be adapted to a wide range of device configurations to provide fully flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/311/5758/208.full.pdf

Stretchable form of single crystal silicon for high performance electronics on rubber substrates

At present, flexible displays are an important focus of research1,2,3 Further development of large, flexible displays requires a cost-effective manufacturing process for the active-matrix backplane, which contains one transistor per pixel One way to further reduce costs is to integrate (part of) the display drive circuitry, such as row shift registers, directly on the display substrate Here, we demonstrate flexible active-matrix monochrome electrophoretic displays based on solution-processed organic transistors on 25-μm-thick polyimide substrates The displays can be bent to a radius of 1 cm without significant loss in performance Using the same process flow we prepared row shift registers With 1,888 transistors, these are the largest organic integrated circuits reported to date More importantly, the operating frequency of 5 kHz is sufficiently high to allow integration with the display operating at video speed This work therefore represents a major step towards 'system-on-plastic'

Flexible active-matrix displays and shift registers based on solution-processed organic transistors.

We have fabricated organic thin-film transistor (OTFT)-driven active matrix liquid crystal displays on flexible polymeric substrates. These small displays have 16×16 pixel polymer-dispersed liquid crystal arrays addressed by pentacene active layer OTFTs. The displays were fabricated using a low-temperature process (<110 °C) on flexible polyethylene naphthalate film and are operated as reflective active matrix displays.

Organic thin-film transistor-driven polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays on flexible polymeric substrates

We have fabricated and characterized analog and digital circuits using organic thin-film transistors on polyester film substrates. These are the first reported dynamic results for organic circuits fabricated on polyester substrates. The high-performance pentacene transistors yield circuits with the highest reported clock frequencies for organic circuits.

Analog and digital circuits using organic thin-film transistors on polyester substrates

A pixel structure (200) having at least one organic thin film transistor (OTFT) (210) that minimizes gate-to-pixel capacitance. In one embodiment, a pixel structure provides a new transistor structure where an OTFT electrode (212) on the data-line side of the transistor is extended or wrapped around three sides of the transistor relative to a pixel-side electrode (214). Thus, the pixel-side electrode can be made very small without reducing the effective width (and therefore on-current) of the transistor.

Method and apparatus for providing a high-performance active matrix pixel using organic thin-film transistors

We have fabricated the fastest organic circuits on flexible substrates yet reported. These circuits use the small-molecule hydrocarbon pentacene as the active semiconductor material and 75 /spl mu/m thick flexible, transparent, colorless, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film as the substrate. Transistor arrays, inverters, ring oscillators, and other circuits with good electrical performance, yield, and uniformity were obtained. A field-effect mobility of 1 cm/sup 2// V-s was extracted from OTFT saturation characteristics, and ring oscillators had minimum propagation delay <40 /spl mu/sec per stage and <50 /spl mu/sec per stage at bias levels below 8 V.

Fast organic circuits on flexible polymeric substrates

We have fabricated and demonstrated active-matrix liquid-crystal displays using organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) on polyester substrates. This is the first reported demonstration of an OTFT active-matrix liquid-crystal display, and also the first demonstration of a TFT active-matrix liquid-crystal display of any type fabricated on a polyester substrate.

B. Greening

Papers

Organic thin-film transistor-driven polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays on flexible polymeric substrates

Analog and digital circuits using organic thin-film transistors on polyester substrates

Method and apparatus for providing a high-performance active matrix pixel using organic thin-film transistors

Fast organic circuits on flexible polymeric substrates

6.5L: Late‐News Paper: AMLCDs using Organic Thin‐Film Transistors on Polyester Substrates