Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations

Dielectric-barrier discharges (silent discharges) are used on a large industrial scale. They combine the advantages of non-equilibrium plasma properties with the ease of atmospheric-pressure operation. A prominent feature is the simple scalability from small laboratory reactors to large industrial installations with megawatt input powers. Efficient and cost-effective all-solid-state power supplies are available. The preferred frequency range lies between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, the preferred pressure range between 10 kPa and 500 kPa. Industrial applications include ozone generation, pollution control, surface treatment, high power CO2 lasers, ultraviolet excimer lamps, excimer based mercury-free fluorescent lamps, and flat large-area plasma displays. Depending on the application and the operating conditions the discharge can have pronounced filamentary structure or fairly diffuse appearance. History, discharge physics, and plasma chemistry of dielectric-barrier discharges and their applications are discussed in detail.

https://www3.nd.edu/~sst/teaching/AME60637/reading/2003_PCPP_Kogelschatz_dbd_review.pdf

Dielectric-barrier Discharges: Their History, Discharge Physics, and Industrial Applications

https://cmapspublic3.ihmc.us/rid=1N3976C22-12M3P49-9V/Holladay%20et%20al.%20-%202009%20-%20An%20overview%20of%20hydrogen%20production%20technologies.pdf

An overview of hydrogen production technologies

Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future economic and social societal needs. Sun is the source of all energies. The primary forms of solar energy are heat and light. Sunlight and heat are transformed and absorbed by the environment in a multitude of ways. Some of these transformations result in renewable energy flows such as biomass and wind energy. Renewable energy technologies provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources. In this article a review has been done on scope of CO2 mitigation through solar cooker, water heater, dryer, biofuel, improved cookstoves and by hydrogen.

https://www.beren.sakarya.edu.tr/sites/beren.sakarya.edu.tr/file/1380752545-07-RenewEn.pdf.pdf

Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review

Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: from CO2 to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological use of CO2.

A new kind of vibration analysis uses the three-dimensional graininess of light produced by a diffusing surface illuminated by a coherent beam of light as an indicator of the vibration mode. The image of the vibrating surface shows unblurred speckles in the nodal areas of the vibrating surface only. The resulting patterns resemble the classical Chladni sand patterns. Theoretical calculations of the average grain size of the light field are presented. These calculations allow an estimate to be made of the sensitivity of the vibration-analysis method reported. It is shown that the sensitivity can be adapted for vibration amplitudes in the range from 1 to 100 wavelengths. A description of the experimental setup is given. The results show good agreement between theory and experiment.

Determination of the Granular Radiance Distribution of a Diffuser and its Use for Vibration Analysis

The excitation of resonance and excimer radiation in mixtures of mercury and the rare gases has been investigated. The gas mixtures were excited in a dielectric barrier discharge. The emission features of such discharges which are mostly in the UV and VUV range were studied in detail. Whereas resonance radiation dominates in mixtures of mercury with He, Ne, and Ar, efficient excimer formation takes place in mixtures of mercury with Kr and Xe. All the emission features of the HgXe excimer which are expected between and around the resonance lines of mercury were found and measured. A theoretical model of HgXe excimer formation is presented. This model takes both the discharge formation and the charged particle kinetics as well as the excimer and excited species formation into account. Experimentally determined Boltzmann temperatures show a decline with mercury density as is predicted by the theory for the average electron temperature. Furthermore it is, e.g., possible to calculate the efficiency of the gene...

Investigation of resonance and excimer radiation from a dielectric barrier discharge in mixtures of mercury and the rare gases

The effect of electrode materials on the co-generation of syngas and higher hydrocarbons from CO2 and CH4 using dielectric-barrier discharge has been investigated. The electrode materials tested here include aluminum, copper, steel, and titanium. For the feed of methane in the absence of CO2, the order of activity of methane conversion from high to low was Ti ≈ Al > Fe > Cu, while the order of the activity of CO2 conversion was Al > Cu > Ti > Fe for the case of CO2 feed without methane. Regarding the co-feed of methane and CO2, the titanium electrode shows the best activity for the conversions, while the other three materials show a similar performance for the conversions. The effect of dilution gas, helium, on the conversions has also been discussed.

Co-generation of Syngas and Higher Hydrocarbons from CO2 and CH4 Using Dielectric-Barrier Discharge: Effect of Electrode Materials

Dissociation of O 2 in N 2 /O 2 mixtures

Ozone formation in oxygen at atmospheric pressure following the photodissociation of O2 molecules in the vacuum UV range is tudied. A new VUV source based on incoherent xenon excimer radiation from a dielectric–barrier discharge provided narrow–band UV radiation at 172 nm with a half–width of 14 nm. The formation of ozone from the initial photodissociation fragments O(3P) and O(1D) is treated theoretically and compared to measurements.

Baldur Eliasson

Papers

Determination of the Granular Radiance Distribution of a Diffuser and its Use for Vibration Analysis

Investigation of resonance and excimer radiation from a dielectric barrier discharge in mixtures of mercury and the rare gases

Co-generation of Syngas and Higher Hydrocarbons from CO2 and CH4 Using Dielectric-Barrier Discharge: Effect of Electrode Materials

Dissociation of O 2 in N 2 /O 2 mixtures

Ozone Generation with Narrow–Band UV Radiation