There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

From the Publisher:
This book explores the meta-heuristics approach called tabu search, which is dramatically changing our ability to solve a hostof problems that stretch over the realms of resource planning,telecommunications, VLSI design, financial analysis, scheduling, spaceplanning, energy distribution, molecular engineering, logistics,pattern classification, flexible manufacturing, waste management,mineral exploration, biomedical analysis, environmental conservationand scores of other problems. The major ideas of tabu search arepresented with examples that show their relevance to multipleapplications. Numerous illustrations and diagrams are used to clarifyprinciples that deserve emphasis, and that have not always been wellunderstood or applied. The book's goal is to provide ''hands-on' knowledge and insight alike, rather than to focus exclusively eitheron computational recipes or on abstract themes. This book is designedto be useful and accessible to researchers and practitioners inmanagement science, industrial engineering, economics, and computerscience. It can appropriately be used as a textbook in a masterscourse or in a doctoral seminar. Because of its emphasis on presentingideas through illustrations and diagrams, and on identifyingassociated practical applications, it can also be used as asupplementary text in upper division undergraduate courses. 

Finally, there are many more applications of tabu search than canpossibly be covered in a single book, and new ones are emerging everyday. The book's goal is to provide a grounding in the essential ideasof tabu search that will allow readers to create successfulapplications of their own. Along with the essentialideas,understanding of advanced issues is provided, enabling researchers togo beyond today's developments and create the methods of tomorrow.

Tabu Search

Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers

In this paper, we present a new “hybrid” method for on-wafer dielectric measurements of nanolitre fluid samples. The first part of the hybrid method uses a technique that extracts the complex relative permittivity of the material used to make microfluidic channels. The extraction is performed with an empty channel measurement, and thus requires no extra deembedding structures. The second part of the hybrid method involves an accurate extraction of the complex relative permittivity of dielectric fluids. The hybrid method uses three different extraction algorithms and calculates their Type B uncertainties within the NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework. By choosing the calculation algorithm with the smallest uncertainty at each frequency, the hybrid method can achieve accurate measurements of the fluids’ permittivity over a broad bandwidth. One of the three algorithms is a new algorithm based on closed-form equations. A trace-based algorithm is also applied to fluids measurements, for the first time to our knowledge. Through the uncertainty analysis, we found out that these two algorithms should be favored over a traditional least-squares optimization-based algorithm at millimeter wave frequencies, due to their lower sensitivities to probe-placement errors.

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Hybrid Characterization of Nanolitre Dielectric Fluids in a Single Microfluidic Channel Up to 110 GHz

Multi-layer thin-film mcm-d for the integration of high performance wireless front-end systems

Due to its noninvasive property, the interdigital capacitor (IDC) has been applied in dielectric liquid detection and characterization. In order to integrate the IDC sensor on a lab-on-chip, it is often required to minimize and optimize the sensor for sensitive and efficient performance. However, the conventional numerical simulation approach is quite time-consuming. Therefore, an efficient analytical method is proposed herein, leading to accurate capacitance and conductance expressions of an arbitrary multilayer-structured IDC. The model is validated with practical measurements of a series of coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure-based IDCs. In addition, an accurate characterization function, which relates the IDC capacitance and conductance to the complex permittivity of a material loaded on the top of the IDC sensing area, is obtained. The characterization function shows good agreement with the finite-element method (FEM) simulation results, which demonstrates the capability of the IDC sensor in dielectric spectroscopy measurements of $\mu \text{L}$ and even nL liquids.

Modeling of Coplanar Interdigital Capacitor for Microwave Microfluidic Application

This letter presents a simple error correction method for two-port transmission parameter measurement. The method requires measuring only two nonreflecting transmission lines instead of a complete set of calibration standards (at least three) for error correction, it does not need an explicit solution of error coefficients. These two features make it simpler than any other methods. Error-corrected measurement results of a CPW discontinuity using the new method and the TRL method are in good agreement. The new method is useful in characterizing well-matched two-port devices or those whose reflection parameters are of little interest.

A simple error correction method for two-port transmission parameter measurement

The authors describe a simple method for complex permittivity measurement using network analysers. The essential feature is the exploitation of the asymmetry of a reciprocal two-port. Calibrated results are obtained using a coaxial line or waveguide section, from whose centre a sample is installed only once. The theory is validated by numerical simulation.

Bart Nauwelaers

Papers

Hybrid Characterization of Nanolitre Dielectric Fluids in a Single Microfluidic Channel Up to 110 GHz

Multi-layer thin-film mcm-d for the integration of high performance wireless front-end systems

Modeling of Coplanar Interdigital Capacitor for Microwave Microfluidic Application

A simple error correction method for two-port transmission parameter measurement

Complex permittivity measurement method based on asymmetry of reciprocal two-ports