http://fhs.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:844035/FULLTEXT01

Military utility : A proposed concept to support decision-making

Flaws in computer software or hardware that are as yet unknown to the public, known as zero-day vulnerabilities, are an increasingly sought-after resource by actors conducting cyber operations. While the objective pursued is commonly defensive, as in protecting own systems and networks, cyber operations may also involve exploiting identified vulnerabilities for intelligence collection or to produce military effects. The weapon zing and stockpiling of such vulnerabilities by various actors, or even the intentional implantation into cyberspace infrastructure, is a trend that currently resembles an arms race. An open question is how to measure the utility that access to these exploitable vulnerabilities provides for military purposes, and how to contrast and compare this to the possible adverse societal consequences that withholding disclosure of them may result in, such as loss of privacy or impeded freedom of the press. This paper presents a case study focusing on the Heart bleed bug, used as a tool in an offensive cyber operation. We introduce a model to estimate the adoption rate of an implanted flaw in Open SSL, derived by fitting collected real-world data. Our calculations show that reaching a global adoption of at least 50 % would take approximately three years from the time of release, given that the vulnerability remains undiscovered, while surpassing 75 % adoption would take an estimated four years. The paper concludes that while exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities may indeed be of significant military utility, such operations take time. They may also incur non-negligible risks of collateral damage and other societal costs.

Determining the Utility of Cyber Vulnerability Implantation: The Heartbleed Bug as a Cyber Operation

Field experiments were used to evaluate three different indirect fire models: the cookie cutter and the Carleton damage functions and a simplified physical model for fragmenting ammunition. Data fr...

Validating indirect fire models with field experiments

An investigation is intended to establish suitable parameters for a simple shaped charge mechanism (SCM) assembly that can be utilized for small scale hydrodynamics penetration test. Some basic features of the SCM parameters were based on previous researchers’ findings. Three sets of tests were conducted to verify parameters such as cone liner angle and thickness, material of charge (explosive) casing and standoff distance (SoD). Single and welded stacks of mild steel plates and Aluminium blocks were used as targets. Two type of explosive were used, military grade plastic explosive (PE) or C4 and a commercial grade explosive, Emulex 700. A simple but effective compressing mechanism was developed to eliminate air pockets and maximised the explosive density. The SCM parameters were improved through series of tests and results have shown that hydrodynamic penetrations have taken place in every test conducted. Suitable small scale SCM parameters were successfully established which can be utilized for future study on hydrodynamics penetration.

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Establishment of Shaped Charge Optimum Parameters for Small Scale Hydrodynamic Penetration

This study proposed the proper detonation delay time of a main warhead after a precursor warhead detonation in an arbitrary tandem shaped charge missile as 407 μsec. In addition, the available detonation delay time range of the main warhead was proposed to be between 396 μsec and 418 μsec. The proposed figures were based on the analysis of the target protection capability and the scattering reactor behaviors of the explosive reactive armor with dual reactive panels. By virtue of this work, the determination of main warhead detonation delay time is more effective and convenient. Finally, the tandem shaped charge missile with more effective penetration performance also could be developed in the future.

Determination Method of Main Warhead Detonation Delay Time based on the Analysis about the Protection Capability of Target and the Scattering Behavior of Explosive Reactive Armor

The clearance of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and other explosive remnants of war (ERW) containing shaped charge warheads poses a particular technical hazard to consider for EOD personnel. The wide us ...

/pdf/shaped-charge-calculation-models-for-explosive-ordnance-24w7dlps67.pdf

Shaped Charge Calculation Models for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Operations

Amnet militarteknik utgar fran att tekniska system ar officerens arbetsredskap och att en forstaelse for och kunskap om dessa verktyg ar central for att kunna utova professionen framgangsrikt. Denn ...

Lärobok i Militärteknik, vol. 9: Teori och metod

/pdf/larobok-i-militarteknik-vol-4-verkan-och-skydd-1gp79kn9my.pdf

Lärobok i Militärteknik, vol. 4 : Verkan och skydd

The Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences, Division of Military Technology, presents its annual report on the theme "Zero Tolerance for Losses in International Operations". Focus has been on own pe ...

Bengt Vretblad

Papers

Shaped Charge Calculation Models for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Operations

Lärobok i Militärteknik, vol. 9: Teori och metod

Lärobok i Militärteknik, vol. 4 : Verkan och skydd

En studie rörande nolltolerans mot förluster vid internationella insatser : Årlig redovisning från KKrVA Avd IV den 4 december 2013

En studie rörande nolltolerans mot förluster vid internationella insatser