BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

Innate immunity of fish (overview).

https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/files/41988116/Anekwe_et_al_2017.pdf

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment

https://recipp.ipp.pt/bitstream/10400.22/3012/4/ART_LuciaSantos_2010_GRAQ.pdf

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use--present knowledge and future challenges.

Water-borne diclofenac affects kidney and gill integrity and selected immune parameters in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario).

In modern bony fishes, or teleost fish, the general lack of leucocyte markers has greatly hampered investigations of the anatomy of the immune system and its reactions involved in inflammatory responses We have previously reported the cloning and sequencing of the salmon CD3 complex, molecules that are specifically expressed in T cells Here, we generate and validate sera recognizing a peptide sequence of the CD3e chain Flow cytometry analysis revealed high numbers of CD3e+ or T cells in the thymus, gill and intestine, whereas lower numbers were detected in the head kidney, spleen and peripheral blood leucocytes Subsequent morphological analysis showed accumulations of T cells in the thymus and spleen and in the newly discovered gill-located interbranchial lymphoid tissue In the latter, the T cells are embedded in a meshwork of epithelial cells and in the spleen, they cluster in the white pulp surrounding ellipsoids The anatomical organization of the salmonid thymic cortex and medulla seems to be composed of three layers consisting of a sub-epithelial medulla-like zone, an intermediate cortex-like zone and finally another cortex-like basal zone Our study in the salmonid thymus reports a previously non-described tissue organization In the intestinal tract, abundant T cells were found embedded in the epithelium In non-lymphoid organs, the presence of T cells was limited The results show that the interbranchial lymphoid tissue is quantitatively a very important site of T cell aggregation, strategically located to facilitate antigen encounter The interbranchial lymphoid tissue has no resemblance to previously described lymphoid tissues

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01305.x

Salmonid T cells assemble in the thymus, spleen and in novel interbranchial lymphoid tissue

Cytotoxic activities of fish leucocytes.

CD8, belonging to the TCR complex, is the main marker molecule of CTLs. Although CD8 genes have been detected in many fish species, the analysis of teleost CD8+ cells has been limited because of the lack of antibodies. Using newly established mAbs against rainbow trout CD8ll, we found high ratios of CD8,,+ cells in trout thymus, gill and intestine, but relatively low abundance in pronephros, spleen and blood. Accordingly, tissue sections revealed many CD8 + cells in thymus, numerous intra- and subepithelial CD8 + cells in intestine and gill and few scattered CD8 + cells in spleen and pronephros. In secondary lymphoid tissues, CD8 + lymphocytes, which did not react with anti-thrombocyte or anti-IgM mAbs, expressed CD8 , CD8,, and TCR while Ig and CD4 transcripts were found in CD8oo- lymphocytes. In contrast, considerable CD4 expression in CD8 thymocytes suggests the presence of double-positive early T cells. Highly expressed TCR , LAG3 and CTLA4 in CD8,, lymphocytes imply that they constitute a heterogenous population different from thouse found in non-mucosal tissues. PHA stimulation resulted in an up-regulation of CTL effector genes (perforin, granulysin and IFN-nn) in CD8))+ pronephrocytes, while both Th1 (IFN- ) and Th2 (IL-4/13A) cytokines were up-regulated in CD8- pronephrocytes. Although the basic characteristics of CD8 lymphocytes seem similar in teleost and mammals, features such as the low proportion of teleost CD8ll+ lymphocytes in blood and their high abundance in respiratory tissue reveal a unique dynamics and distribution.

The expression of CD8α discriminates distinct T cell subsets in teleost fish

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the Birnaviridae family, encodes in its bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome four structural virion proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4, as well as a nonstructural protein, VP5. Recently, the establishment of an infectious cRNA system for IBDV has been described (E. Mundt and V. N. Vakharia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:11131-11136, 1996). Here, we report the isolation of a VP5- IBDV mutant constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of the methionine start codon of VP5, followed by cRNA transfection. The resulting virus mutant was replication competent in cell culture, which indicates that VP5 is not required for productive replication of IBDV. Absence of VP5 expression was verified by lack of reactivity with newly established anti-VP5 monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera. VP5- IBDV exhibited a delay in replication in chicken embryo cells compared to the VP5+ parental virus. However, final yields were similar. Our results thus show that VP5 is nonessential for IBDV replication, which makes it a prime candidate for the construction of deleted, marked vaccines.

Bernd Köllner

Papers

Water-borne diclofenac affects kidney and gill integrity and selected immune parameters in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario).

Salmonid T cells assemble in the thymus, spleen and in novel interbranchial lymphoid tissue

Cytotoxic activities of fish leucocytes.

The expression of CD8α discriminates distinct T cell subsets in teleost fish

VP5 of infectious bursal disease virus is not essential for viral replication in cell culture.