The increasing demand for energy and diminishing sources of fossil fuels have called for the discovery of new energy sources. The effective energy conversion process of biomass is able to fulfill energy needs. Among the advanced biomass conversion technologies, thermochemical processes hold considerable potential approaches and needed for optimization. Thus, this study presents a comprehensive review of the research and development on the effects of catalysts on the thermochemical conversion of biomass to determine the progress of catalytic thermochemical conversion processes. The effects of catalysts on torrefaction, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification are highlighted. Aspects related to reaction conditions, reactor types, and products are discussed comprehensively with the reaction mechanisms involved in the catalytic effects. Hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation can occur in the presence of zeolite catalysts during fast pyrolysis while producing highly aromatic bio-oil. A heterogeneous catalyst in liquefaction increases the hydrocarbon content and decreases viscosity, acid value, and oxygenated compounds in the bio-oil. Thus, expanding and enhancing knowledge about catalyst utilization in the thermochemical conversion technologies of biomass will play an important role in the generation of renewable and carbon-neutral fuels.

Catalytic thermochemical conversion of biomass for biofuel production: A comprehensive review

Biorenewable hydrogen production through biomass gasification: A review and future prospects

Potential of fat, oil and grease (FOG) for biodiesel production: A critical review on the recent progress and future perspectives

https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10172004

Valorization of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase: pathways towards commercial viability

A review on hydrothermal co-liquefaction of biomass

Optimization of hydrothermal co-liquefaction of seaweeds with lignocellulosic biomass: Merging 2nd and 3rd generation feedstocks for enhanced bio-oil production

Effects of the aqueous phase recycling on bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina Platensis, α-cellulose, and lignin

Study on co-liquefaction of Spirulina and Spartina alterniflora in ethanol-water co-solvent for bio-oil

An experiment study of biomass steam gasification over NiO/Dolomite for hydrogen-rich gas production

Bio-oil production from hydrothermal liquefaction of ultrasonic pre-treated Spirulina platensis

Bo Zhang

Papers

Optimization of hydrothermal co-liquefaction of seaweeds with lignocellulosic biomass: Merging 2nd and 3rd generation feedstocks for enhanced bio-oil production

Effects of the aqueous phase recycling on bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina Platensis, α-cellulose, and lignin

Study on co-liquefaction of Spirulina and Spartina alterniflora in ethanol-water co-solvent for bio-oil

An experiment study of biomass steam gasification over NiO/Dolomite for hydrogen-rich gas production

Bio-oil production from hydrothermal liquefaction of ultrasonic pre-treated Spirulina platensis