抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Recent advances in shape–memory polymers: Structure, mechanism, functionality, modeling and applications

Introduction A Why POC Diagnostics? B Time B Patient Responsibility and Compliance B Cost B Diagnostic Targets C Proteins C Metabolites and Other Small Molecules C Nucleic Acids C Human Cells D Microbes/Pathogens D Drugs and Food Safety D Current Context of POC Assays E POC Glucose Assays E Lateral Flow Assays E Limitations of “Traditional” POC Approaches F Enabling Technologies G Printing and Laminating G Microfluidic Technologies and Approaches: “Unit Operations” for POC Devices G Pumping and Valving H Mixing I Separation I Reagent Storage J Sample Preparation K Surface Chemistry and Device Substrates L Physical Adsorption L Bioaffinity Attachment L Covalent Attachment M Substrate Materials M Detection M Electrochemical Detection N Optical Detection N Magnetic Detection N Label-Free Methods O Enabling Multiplexed Assays O Recent Innovation O Lateral Flow Assay Technologies O Proteins P Antibodies P Protein Expression and Purification Q Nucleic Acids Q Aptamers R Infectious Diseases and Food/Water Safety R Blood Chemistry S Coagulation Markers S Whole Cells S Trends, Unmet Needs, Perspectives T Glucose T Global Health and the Developing World T Personalized Medicine and Home Testing U Technology Trends U Multiplexing V Author Information V Biographies V Acknowledgment W References W

/pdf/point-of-care-diagnostics-status-and-future-5c7xkio6mh.pdf

Point of care diagnostics: Status and future

A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites

Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: A review

(Figure Presented) Controllable biaxial and uniaxial nanowrinkles (see figure) are fabricated by a simple two-step approach - metal deposition and subsequent heating - based on shape memory polymer (prestressed polystyrene) sheets. The wavelengths of the wrinkles can be tuned by controlling the thickness of deposited metal. The ready integration of the nanowrinkles into microchannels and their effectiveness in surface enhanced sensing is demonstrated. © 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

https://escholarship.org/content/qt00k0v52n/qt00k0v52n.pdf

Tunable Nanowrinkles on Shape Memory Polymer Sheets

Embryoid body (EB) formation closely recapitulates early embryonic development with respect to lineage commitment. Because it is greatly affected by cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, the ability to control the initial number of cells in the aggregates and to provide an appropriate substrate are crucial parameters for uniform EB formation. Here we report of an ultra-rapid fabrication and culture method utilizing a laser-jet printer to generate closely arrayed honeycomb microwells of tunable sizes for the induction of uniform EBs from single cell suspension. By printing various microwell patterns onto pre-stressed polystyrene sheets, and through heat induced shrinking, high aspect micromolds are generated. Notably, we achieve rounded bottom polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wells not easily achievable with standard microfabrication methods, but critical to achieve spherical EBs. Furthermore, by simply controlling the size of the microwells and the concentration of the cell suspension we can control the initial size of the cell aggregate, thus influencing lineage commitment. In addition, these microwells are easily adaptable and scalable to most standard well plates and easily integrated into commercial liquid handling systems to provide an inexpensive and easy high throughput compound screening platform.

/pdf/tunable-shrink-induced-honeycomb-microwell-arrays-for-3z3ojmcwvy.pdf

Tunable shrink-induced honeycomb microwell arrays for uniform embryoid bodies.

We demonstrate rapid homogenous micromixing at low Reynolds numbers in an easily fabricated and geometrically simple three-dimensional polystyrene vortex micromixer. Micromixing is critically important for miniaturized analysis systems. However, rapid and effective mixing at these small scales remains a persistent challenge. We compare our micromixer’s performance against a two-dimensional square-wave design by examining its effectiveness in mixing solutions of dissimilar concentration as well as suspension solutions comprised of microparticles. Numerical simulations confirm our experimental observations and provide insights on the self-rotational mixing dynamics achieved with our simple geometry at low Reynolds numbers. This rapid, robust, and easily fabricated micromixer is amenable readily to large scale integration.

/pdf/a-simple-three-dimensional-vortex-micromixer-45kch801el.pdf

A simple three-dimensional vortex micromixer

We demonstrate increased intra-ensemble energy transfer (ET) in monodispersed semiconducting quantum dots (QDs), mediated by localized plasmons on metallic thin films with nano-scale wrinkles. The increased ET results in a net spectral red-shift, up to three-fold increase in emission intensity, and a faster radiative recombination rate of the ensemble. The extent of the red-shift is dependent on QD size, and is largest for the QDs where the absorption spectrum overlaps the plasmonic resonance of the film. This effect has a uniform, macroscopic manifestation and may provide an inexpensive option of improving performance of QD based photovoltaic devices.

/pdf/plasmon-induced-enhancement-of-intra-ensemble-fret-in-2svct1zhub.pdf

Brent D. Rich

Papers

Tunable Nanowrinkles on Shape Memory Polymer Sheets

Tunable shrink-induced honeycomb microwell arrays for uniform embryoid bodies.

A simple three-dimensional vortex micromixer

Plasmon-induced enhancement of intra-ensemble FRET in quantum dots on wrinkled thin films

Shrink-Induced Nanowrinkles: Tunable Nanowrinkles on Shape Memory Polymer Sheets (Adv. Mater. 44/2009)