Communication at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies is defining a new era of wireless communication. The mmWave band offers higher bandwidth communication channels versus those presently used in commercial wireless systems. The applications of mmWave are immense: wireless local and personal area networks in the unlicensed band, 5G cellular systems, not to mention vehicular area networks, ad hoc networks, and wearables. Signal processing is critical for enabling the next generation of mmWave communication. Due to the use of large antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver, combined with radio frequency and mixed signal power constraints, new multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication signal processing techniques are needed. Because of the wide bandwidths, low complexity transceiver algorithms become important. There are opportunities to exploit techniques like compressed sensing for channel estimation and beamforming. This article provides an overview of signal processing challenges in mmWave wireless systems, with an emphasis on those faced by using MIMO communication at higher carrier frequencies.

An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems

A system is presented providing content to a plurality of handheld devices (including musical selections). The devices can access a server over the Internet via a WIFI or other similar wireless interconnection and can download songs requested by a user from the server or from other users using, e.g., a P2P protocol. All downloads are governed by applicable DRM rules. Content and playlists may also be pushed by a server from other sources and means including, e.g., podcasting, based on predetermined rules, favorite preferences of users, and other criteria.

Audio visual player apparatus and system and method of content distribution using the same

With the explosive growth of mobile data demand, the fifth generation (5G) mobile network would exploit the enormous amount of spectrum in the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands to greatly increase communication capacity. There are fundamental differences between mmWave communications and existing other communication systems, in terms of high propagation loss, directivity, and sensitivity to blockage. These characteristics of mmWave communications pose several challenges to fully exploit the potential of mmWave communications, including integrated circuits and system design, interference management, spatial reuse, anti-blockage, and dynamics control. To address these challenges, we carry out a survey of existing solutions and standards, and propose design guidelines in architectures and protocols for mmWave communications. We also discuss the potential applications of mmWave communications in the 5G network, including the small cell access, the cellular access, and the wireless backhaul. Finally, we discuss relevant open research issues including the new physical layer technology, software-defined network architecture, measurements of network state information, efficient control mechanisms, and heterogeneous networking, which should be further investigated to facilitate the deployment of mmWave communication systems in the future 5G networks.

A survey of millimeter wave communications (mmWave) for 5G: opportunities and challenges

According to Edholm’s law, the demand for point-to-point bandwidth in wireless short-range communications has doubled every 18 months over the last 25 years It can be predicted that data rates of around 5–10 Gb/s will be required in ten years In order to achieve 10 Gb/s data rates, the carrier frequencies need to be increased beyond 100 GHz Over the past ten years, several groups have considered the prospects of using sub-terahertz (THz) and THz waves (100–2000 GHz) as a means to transmit data wirelessly Some of the reported advantages of THz communications links are inherently higher bandwidth compared to millimeter wave links, less susceptibility to scintillation effects than infrared wireless links, and the ability to use THz links for secure communications Our goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of wireless sub-THz and THz communications

Review of terahertz and subterahertz wireless communications

This tutorial presents an overview of the technological advances in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuit components, antennas, and propagation that will soon allow 60-GHz transceivers to provide multigigabit per second (multi-Gb/s) wireless communication data transfers in the consumer marketplace. Our goal is to help engineers understand the convergence of communications, circuits, and antennas, as the emerging world of subterahertz and terahertz wireless communications will require understanding at the intersections of these areas. This paper covers trends and recent accomplishments in a wide range of circuits and systems topics that must be understood to create massively broadband wireless communication systems of the future. In this paper, we present some evolving applications of massively broadband wireless communications, and use tables and graphs to show research progress from the literature on various radio system components, including on-chip and in-package antennas, radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs), low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), mixers, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We focus primarily on silicon-based technologies, as these provide the best means of implementing very low-cost, highly integrated 60-GHz mm-wave circuits. In addition, the paper illuminates characterization techniques that are required to competently design and fabricate mm-wave devices in silicon, and illustrates effects of the 60-GHz RF propagation channel for both in-building and outdoor use. The paper concludes with an overview of the standardization and commercialization efforts for 60-GHz multi-Gb/s devices, and presents a novel way to compare the data rate versus power efficiency for future broadband devices.

http://faculty.poly.edu/~tsr/wp-content/uploads/publications/abstract17.pdf

State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications

A scalable, non-multiplexed cryogenic 14-nm FinFET quantum bit (qubit) state controller (QSC) for use in the semi-autonomous control of superconducting transmon qubits is reported. The QSC includes an augmented general-purpose digital processor that supports waveform generation and phase rotation operations combined with a low-power current-mode single sideband upconversion <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}/{Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mixer-based RF arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). Implemented in the 14-nm CMOS FinFET technology, the QSC generates control signals in its target 4.5–5.5-GHz-frequency range, achieving an spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) > 50 dB for a signal bandwidth of 500 MHz. With the controller operating in the 4 K stage of a cryostat and connected to a transmon qubit in the cryostat’s millikelvin stage, measured transmon <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> coherence times were 75.7 and 73 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, in each case comparable to results achieved using conventional room temperature (RT) controls. In further tests with transmons, a qubit-limited error rate of 7.76 × 10−4 per Clifford gate is achieved, again comparable to the results achieved using RT controls. The QSC’s maximum RF output power is −18 dBm, and power dissipation per qubit under active control is 23 mW.

A Cryo-CMOS Low-Power Semi-Autonomous Transmon Qubit State Controller in 14-nm FinFET Technology

The present invention relates to an antenna for integration into a portable processing device. The antenna includes an electronic display metal support frame (303) for grounding a conducting element, a pair of radiating elements (301, 302) extending from the display frame (303), and a means for conducting a dual-band signal comprising a first component for carrying a signal connected to the first and second radiating elements (301, 302) and a second component for grounding the conducting means connected to the display frame (303).

An integrated antenna for laptop applications

In an approach to determining an introduction of a user in a meeting, one or more computer processors retrieve a document containing information associated with a user, wherein the document includes one or more fragments describing the user. The one or more computer processors determine an audience of a meeting associated with the user. The one or more computer processors determine a description of the meeting. The one or more computer processors prioritize one or more of the one or more fragments, based, at least in part, on the audience of the meeting and on the description of the meeting. The one or more computer processors select one or more of the one or more fragments for the introduction of the user in the meeting, based, at least in part, on the prioritization of the one or more fragments.

Greeting agent for meeting introductions

The design and analysis of a new quadband antenna have been presented. The antenna is suitable for integration into mobile devices especially laptop computers and offers advantages in size, cost, and performance. Future study will concentrate on extending the antenna bandwidth to cover the UMTS band. Further antenna size reduction is necessary for smaller laptops.

A Quadband Antenna for Laptop Applications

Data is obtained specifying a measure of a data set to be analyzed by human experts and allotted time for analysis completion. Based on same, a schedule is created for a primary meeting of human experts, whose aim is to analyze the data. The meeting is evaluated to create rate estimates for hypothetical meeting partitions; and, if the primary meeting is not adhering to schedule and/or can be speeded up, the meeting partitions are simulated until a partitioning scheme is determined that can restore the meeting to schedule and/or speed it up. In another aspect, a model of focus of attention of each member of a group of individuals engaged in an activity requiring cooperation is dynamically updated, and a cooperation index is determined based on the model of focus of attention, an interaction graph, and at least one physiological parameter of at least one of the members.

Brian P. Gaucher

Papers

A Cryo-CMOS Low-Power Semi-Autonomous Transmon Qubit State Controller in 14-nm FinFET Technology

An integrated antenna for laptop applications

Greeting agent for meeting introductions

A Quadband Antenna for Laptop Applications

Predicting outcomes from measures of group cooperation with applications in traffic alert and control