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Properties Of Concrete

Nanotechnology in concrete – A review

Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review

One dimensional nanostructured materials

Graphene oxide (GO) is the product of chemical exfoliation of graphite. Due to its good dispersibility in water, high aspect ratio and excellent mechanical properties, GO is a potential candidate for use as nanoreinforcements in cement-based materials. In this paper, GO was used to enhance the mechanical properties of ordinary Portland cement paste. The introduction of 0.05 wt% GO can increase the GO-cement composite compressive strength by 15-33% and the flexural strength by 41-59%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope imaging of the GO-cement composite shows the high crack tortuosity, indicating that the two-dimensional GO sheet may form a barrier to crack propagation. Consequently, the GO-cement composite shows a broader stress-strain curve within the post-peak zone, leading to a less sudden failure. The addition of GO also increases the surface area of the GO-cement composite. This is attributed to increasing the production of calcium silicate hydrate. The results obtained in this investigation suggest that GO has potential for being used as nano-reinforcements in cement-based composite materials.

Mechanical properties and microstructure of a graphene oxide-cement composite

Effectiveness of sewage sludge ash combined with waste pozzolanic minerals in developing sustainable construction material: An alternative approach for waste management

This study evaluates the mechanical performance of Reinforced Concrete Filled Fiber Reinforced Tube (RCFFT) through compressive and flexural tests for the purpose of applying RCFFT as strut members for a Prestressed Concrete (PSC) Box Girder bridge. Firstly, the compressive behavior of Concrete Filled Fiber Reinforced Plastic Tube (CFFT) and RCFFT members was investigated to examine their confinement effects. Secondly, based on the experimental results, an equation for estimating the ultimate compressive strengths of CFFT and RCFFT was proposed. In addition, the degree of improvement on the flexural performance due to the reinforcement by Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) was analyzed from flexural tests on CFFT and RCFFT. It could be confirmed from the result of this research that the structural performance of RCFFT members were improved. Furthermore, the result of this study might be utilized in the design of the RCFFT strut members of a real PC BOX Girder bridge.

Experimental investigation on the structural behavior of concrete filled FRP tubes with/without steel Re-bar

The implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for monitoring the complex, dynamic, and harsh environment of underground coal mines (UCMs) is sought around the world to enhance safety. However, previously developed smart systems are limited to monitoring or, in a few cases, can report events. Therefore, this study introduces a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective internet of things (IoT) system for air quality monitoring with newly added features of assessment and pollutant prediction. This system is comprised of sensor modules, communication protocols, and a base station, running Azure Machine Learning (AML) Studio over it. Arduino-based sensor modules with eight different parameters were installed at separate locations of an operational UCM. Based on the sensed data, the proposed system assesses mine air quality in terms of the mine environment index (MEI). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified CH4, CO, SO2, and H2S as the most influencing gases significantly affecting mine air quality. The results of PCA were fed into the ANN model in AML studio, which enabled the prediction of MEI. An optimum number of neurons were determined for both actual input and PCA-based input parameters. The results showed a better performance of the PCA-based ANN for MEI prediction, with R2 and RMSE values of 0.6654 and 0.2104, respectively. Therefore, the proposed Arduino and AML-based system enhances mine environmental safety by quickly assessing and predicting mine air quality.

An Internet of Things System for Underground Mine Air Quality Pollutant Prediction Based on Azure Machine Learning.

To reduce the antagonistic effect of jute fibre on the setting and hydration of jute reinforced cement, modified jute fibre reinforcement would be a unique approach. The present investigation deals with the effectiveness of mild alkali treated (0.5%) jute fibre on the setting and hydration behaviour of cement. Setting time measurement, hydration test and analytical characterizations of the hardened samples (viz., FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA and free lime estimation) were used to evaluate the effect of alkali treated jute fibre. From the hydration test, the time (t) required to reach maximum temperature for the hydration of control cement sample is estimated to be 860 min, whilst the time (t) is measured to be 1040 min for the hydration of a raw jute reinforced cement sample. However, the time (t) is estimated to be 1020 min for the hydration of an alkali treated jute reinforced cement sample. Additionally, from the analytical characterizations, it is determined that fibre-cement compatibility is increased and hydration delaying effect is minimized by using alkali treated jute fibre as fibre reinforcement. Based on the analyses, a model has been proposed to explain the setting and hydration behaviour of alkali treated jute fibre reinforced cement composite.

A mild alkali treated jute fibre controlling the hydration behaviour of greener cement paste

The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of construction accidents occurred from 2011 to 2015 in Korea. The annual reports from the Ministry of Employment and Labor, Korea (MOEL), and the annual reports from the Statistics Korea were used for the analysis in this study. The gender, age, company size and accident types were chosen as a category to analyze the trend of various occupational accidents. In order to analyze the characteristics of construction accidents, incidence rates (IRs) and mortality rates (MRs) were calculated. Further, T-tests and ANOVA analysis were performed to discover the relationships among IRs, MRs, and chosen categories. Male workers’ IRs and MRs were significantly higher than those of female workers. Construction workers over 40 years of age suffered the most from occupational injuries. In terms of company size, as company size increases, both IRs and MRs tended to decrease. Occupational injuries caused by falls were higher than other accident types each year. This paper will be able to provide information on occupational accidents for establishing strategies to reduce the accident rate in construction sectors of Korea.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/8/1297/pdf

Byung-Wan Jo

Papers

Effectiveness of sewage sludge ash combined with waste pozzolanic minerals in developing sustainable construction material: An alternative approach for waste management

Experimental investigation on the structural behavior of concrete filled FRP tubes with/without steel Re-bar

An Internet of Things System for Underground Mine Air Quality Pollutant Prediction Based on Azure Machine Learning.

A mild alkali treated jute fibre controlling the hydration behaviour of greener cement paste

Trend Analysis of Construction Industrial Accidents in Korea from 2011 to 2015