Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends

The stricter worldwide emission legislation and growing demands for lower fuel consumption and anthropogenic CO2 emission require significant efforts to improve combustion efficiency while satisfying the emission quality demands. Ethanol fuel combined with gasoline provides a particularly promising and, at the same time, a challenging approach. Ethanol is widely used as an alternative fuel or an effective additive of gasoline due to the advantage of its high octane number and its self-sustaining concept, which can be supplied regardless of the fossil fuel. As a result, vast study has been carried out to study its effects on engine performance and emission. The first part of this article discusses prospect of fuel ethanol as a gasoline substitute. Then it discusses comparative physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline. The slight differences in properties between ethanol and gasoline fuels are enough to create considerable change to combustion system as well as behaviors of SI engines. These effects lead to several complex and interacting mechanisms, which make it difficult to identify the fundamentals of how ethanol affects NOx emission. After that, general NOx forming mechanisms are discussed to create a fundamental basis for further discussion. Finally, the article discusses different fuel composition, engine parameter and engine modification effects on NOx formation as well as mathematical approach for NOx prediction using ethanol.

Effect of ethanol–gasoline blend on NOx emission in SI engine

Direct injection diesel engines are more popular in the automotive sector than spark ignition (SI) engines due to its fuel lean operation However, the demand of fossil fuel is rising day by day and hence the major fuel source of diesel engine, the petroleum based fuel, is depleting rapidly Many countries depend mainly on imported fossil fuels due to lack of fuel reserves and it has great impact on the economy In addition to this, the major concerns of diesel engine are its oxides of nitrogen and smoke emissions Therefore, for the past several decades extensive efforts are being made to search for alternate fuels to overcome the dependence on fossil fuel and environment pollution In this regard, several alternate fuels namely hydrogen, oxygenated fuels like alcohol fuels, dimethyl ether and biodiesel fuels etc, have been extensively analysed Recent studies show that biodiesel is one of the most promising alternate fuels for diesel engines because of its biodegradable, oxygenated, sulphur free and renewable characteristics Hence, it is getting the attention of researchers all over the world The blends of biodiesel with fossil diesel have many benefits like reduction in emissions, lower engine wear, lesser engine oil consumption and comparable thermal efficiency vis-a-vis diesel fuel Exhaustive experimental works have been carried out to analyse the suitability of biodiesel fuel as alternate fuel and to explore their advantages in diesel engines Hence, this paper is attempted to present a comprehensive review on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of some important biodiesel fuels on diesel engines This comprehensive review on the published literature will be helpful to the researchers to understand the state-of-the-art technology of the biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine

A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines

Alarming situation of world energy stimulated the researchers to look for new sources of fuel, which must be renewable, locally available and environmentally benign In this regard, the significance of biodiesel as technically and commercially viable alternative to fossil-diesel has led to intense research in the field Biodiesel is made from different feedstock depending on the availability This paper analyzes the performance and emission of biodiesel from different feedstock The main advantage of biodiesel is that it potentially reduces the key pollutants, carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and particulate matters While several researchers have looked at the impact of biodiesel on these pollutants, only few publications discussed the effect of fatty acid composition on performance and emission characteristics An attempt has been carried out to discuss the effect of biodiesel in terms of performance and emissions based upon composition and properties of the respective biodiesel The results of the study show that different chemical compositions of biodiesel based upon their origin lead to variation in their properties and performance and emission characteristics Biodiesel produced from saturated feedstock reduce NOx emission and resistive to oxidation but exhibit poor atomization However, many further research needs to be carried out to understand the relationship between the type of biodiesel feedstock and performance and emission

Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel from different origins: A review

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuelled variable compression ratio engine

Performance and exhaust emission of turpentine oil powered direct injection diesel engine

This study investigates the effects of ethanol-blended gasoline with oxygenated additives on a multi – cylinder Spark Ignition (SI) Engine. The experiments were conducted in two stages. In stage I, the test fuels were prepared using 99.9% pure ethanol and gasoline with a cycloheptanol blend, in the ratio of E69.5 + 0.5 cycloheptanol, E64.6 + 0.4 cycloheptanol, E59.7 + 0.3 cycloheptanol, E49.8 + 0.2 cycloheptanol. The remainder was gasoline. In stage II, the test fuels were prepared using 99.9% pure ethanol and gasoline with cyclooctanol blend, in the ratio of E69.5 + 0.5 cyclooctanol, E64.6 + 0.4 cyclooctanol l, E59.7 + 0.3 cyclooctanol, E49.8 + 0.2 cyclooctanol. The remainder was gasoline. Performance and emission tests were conducted on a multi – cylinder SI Engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The emission tests were measured using an exhaust gas analyzer. The experimental results proved that the blend increased brake thermal efficiency more than a sole fuel, such as gasoline. The emission tests found that the CO slightly decreased, while HC and O 2 increased moderately and CO 2 and NO x appreciably decreased. In addition, combustion analyses were made with the help of combustion analyzer, in which cylinder pressure and heat release rate were analysed.

Study of Combustion Characteristics of an SI Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and Oxygenated Fuel Additives

In this study, the effect of ethanol–gasoline blend with additives on a multi-cylinder spark ignition engine was investigated. The performance and emission tests were conducted in a multi-cylinder petrol engine. The test fuels were prepared using 99.9% pure ethanol and gasoline with additives blend, in the ratio of E50 + 5 additives, E60 + 10 additives, and the rest gasoline. Oxygen containing additives is usually used to improve gasoline's performance, reduce the exhaust emissions, and to increase fuel consumption as a result of the heating value of the blended fuels being lower than that of the gasoline. Similarly, octane improver additives and anti-knock additives are used. The aim of this investigation is to reformulate the fuel in order to enhance the fuel performance and reduce emissions from the engine. The fuel additive for internal combustion engines contains a mixture of toluene, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and xylene. The fuel additives are added to the fuel so as to enhance the opera...

Emission Reduction on Ethanol–Gasoline Blend Using Fuel Additives for an SI Engine

In this study, the effects of ethanol and unleaded gasoline with Isoheptanol blends on multi- cylinder SI engine were investigated. The test fuels were prepared using 99.9% pure ethanol and unleaded gasoline with Isoheptanol blend, in the ratio of E 60 + 2.0 Isoheptanol, E 50 + 1.0 Isoheptanol. In this work the performance, emission and combustion tests were conducted in multi-cylinder petrol engine. The experimental results reveal an increase in brake thermal efficiency on the use of test fuel. In the emission test, CO is found slightly decreased, while HC increased moderately and CO2 and NOx are appreciably reduced, when compared to the sole fuel. The second part of the investigation is carried out in the same engine with Alumina Titania coated crown of the pistons, to gain more inside improvement of engine performance and in-cylinder pressure for coated pistons. The experiment is repeated along with fuel additives and ethanol blends in the same blended ratio to analyse the performance and combustion characteristics of the engine. The results show marginal increase in brake thermal efficiency and reduction in CO, NOx, HC and CO2 emissions. In this study, combustion analyses are made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer, in which cylinder pressure, heat release rate and cumulative heat release are performed. Copyright © 2010 International Energy and Environment Foundation - All rights reserved.

Emission reduction in SI engine using ethanol - gasoline blends on thermal barrier coated pistons

In this study, the effect of ethanol–gasoline blend with cerium oxide nanoparticles as additive on a Tata Nano twin–cylinder SI engine was investigated. In this work, the combustion, performance an...

C. Ananda Srinivasan

Papers

Performance and exhaust emission of turpentine oil powered direct injection diesel engine

Study of Combustion Characteristics of an SI Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and Oxygenated Fuel Additives

Emission Reduction on Ethanol–Gasoline Blend Using Fuel Additives for an SI Engine

Emission reduction in SI engine using ethanol - gasoline blends on thermal barrier coated pistons

Emission reduction on ethanol–gasoline blend using cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additive