Camilla Tincati

TL;DR: In vivo studies demonstrated that HIV/SIV-associated microbial translocation results from a series of immunopathological events occurring at the GI mucosa, and a key pathogenic event appears to be innate immunity activation via Toll-like receptors and other pathogen recognition receptors.

TL;DR: Higher circulating lipopolysaccharide associated with plasma enterobacterial DNA and highly activated Ki67+CD4+CD8+ in 24 immunologic-nonresponders compared with 11 full responders provides novel insight into INRs pathogenesis, since they correlate augmented systemic translocation of microbial bioproducts with T-cell hyperactivation.

TL;DR: Results show that impairment of the gastrointestinal tracts in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients is present in the early phases of HIV disease, and this impairment is associated with alterations in gut microbiota and intestinal inflammatory parameters.

TL;DR: A thorough assessment of the clinical implications of a lack of increase in the CD4(+) T cell count in immunological nonresponders is provided, to examine the immunological gaps limiting recovery of the CD 4(+)T cell count, and to note possible therapeutic avenues, which may offer clinicians guidance regarding how to most efficaciously treat these critical patients.

TL;DR: Dietary supplementation with a prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture results in improvement of the gut microbiota composition, reduction of sCD14, CD4+ T-cell activation (CD25), and improved NK cell activity in HAART-naive HIV-infected individuals.