Guido Silvestri

TL;DR: It is shown that increased lipopolysaccharide is bioactive in vivo and correlates with measures of innate and adaptive immune activation, which establish a mechanism for chronic immune activation in the context of a compromised gastrointestinal mucosal surface and provide new directions for therapeutic interventions that modify the consequences of acute HIV infection.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the safety and immune restoration potential of blockade of the co-inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) during chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques.

TL;DR: Neutrophils around the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen, a B cell area specialized in T cell–independent immunoglobulin responses to circulating antigen, are identified, which indicates that neutrophils generate an innate layer of antimicrobial immunoglOBulin defense by interacting with MZ B cells.

TL;DR: Observations on Th17 cells in the blood, GI tract, and broncheoalveolar lavage of HIV-infected and uninfected humans, and SIV- infected and unin infected sooty mangabeys further elucidate the immunodeficiency of HIV disease and may provide a mechanistic basis for the mucosal barrier breakdown that characterizes HIV infection.

TL;DR: It is reported here that SIV-infected mangabeys maintain preserved T lymphocyte populations and regenerative capacity and manifest far lower levels of aberrant immune activation and apoptosis than are seen in pathogenic SIV and HIV infections.