Carolyn E. Schwartz

TL;DR: The development of these minimum measurement standards is intended to promote the appropriate use of PRO measures to inform PCOR and CER, which in turn can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery.

TL;DR: The proposed theoretical model, building on the Sprangers and Schwartz (1999) model and highlighting appraisal processes, provides a fully testable theoretical treatment of QOL and change in QOL, suggesting hypothesized causal relationships and explanatory pathways for both cross-sectional and longitudinal QOL research.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis on published QOL articles on response shift finds that a definitive conclusion on the clinical significance of response shift cannot currently be drawn from existing studies, and recommends a standardized approach for reporting results of future response shift research to advance the field and to facilitate interpretation and comparisons across studies.

TL;DR: T theoretical and conceptual distinctions building on response shift theory and other current developments in HRQOL research are presented and a set of suggested directions for future measurement development in populations with disabilities are submitted.

TL;DR: Helping others is associated with higher levels of mental health, above and beyond the benefits of receiving help and other known psychospiritual, stress, and demographic factors.