Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa

TL;DR: The cross-protective efficacy of binary ethylenimine-inactivated BTV-1 vaccine was evaluated in Indian native sheep against virulent heterologous B TV-23 serotype challenge and suggested that inactivated B television vaccine induced appreciable cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and greatly reduced the severity of heterOLOGous B television-23 infection.

TL;DR: In the present study, bluetongue virus (BTV)-induced apoptosis was studied in sheep blood and splenic mononuclear cells by analyzing annexin(+)-propidium iodide(-) early apoptotic cells, DNA ladder pattern, and caspase-3 gene expression to indicate involvement of BTV and IFN-alpha in the pathogenesis of BT.

TL;DR: Investigation of the pathogenesis of bluetongue in intradermally (ID) and intravenously inoculated native sheep suggests that ID inoculation can be more potent in reproducing many aspects of natural infection, including clinical disease, viral and immune responses, and may be useful route in setting up experimental infections.

TL;DR: There is definite involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD8(+) T cell activity in disease induced by BTV-1 strain.

TL;DR: Results showed that PBMC cytokine profiles were relatively increased both temporally and quantitatively in immunized sheep PBMC compared to naïve ones, suggesting that BTV-1 vaccination may prime immune system that can cross-react with B TV-23 antigens.