Charles R. Brown

TL;DR: It was showed that swallow bugs lower nestling body mass and nestling survivorship in large Cliff Swallow colonies but not in small ones, and Cliff Swallows were more likely to construct new nests in large colonies than in small colonies, probably in response to heavier infestations of ectoparasites in the existing nests of large colonies.

TL;DR: Tissue macrophage in the lymph nodes, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney sustain high plasma virus loads in the absence of CD4(+) T cells, and Interestingly, the administration of a potent reverse transcriptase inhibitor blocked virus production during the early T cell phase but not during the later macrophic phase of the SHIV(DH12R) infection.

TL;DR: This study of vertebrate coloniality should be of interest to all who study social animals, including behavioural ecologists, population biologists, ornithologists and parasitologists, and should also appeal to evolutionary biologists and to psychologists studying decision making in animals.

TL;DR: F Forskolin enhances both phases of glucose- induced and of TPA-A23187-induced insulin secretion, which is interpreted in terms of a model of cell activation in which two branches of the calcium messenger system, the calmodulin branch and the C-kinase branch, control the initial and sustained phases of insulin secretion.

TL;DR: Directional selection gradient analysis showed that measures of skeletal body size and wing length were targets of selection in 1996, and larger birds were favored in the 1996 event, and selection on body size in cliff swallows was more intense than in studies of body size evolution in other bird species.