抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

Complex networks arise in a wide range of biological and sociotechnical systems. Epidemic spreading is central to our understanding of dynamical processes in complex networks, and is of interest to physicists, mathematicians, epidemiologists, and computer and social scientists. This review presents the main results and paradigmatic models in infectious disease modeling and generalized social contagion processes.

Epidemic processes in complex networks

https://deim.urv.cat/~alexandre.arenas/publicacions/pdf/review.pdf

Synchronization in complex networks

First-order, or discontinuous, synchronization transition, i.e. an abrupt and irreversible phase transition with hysteresis to the synchronized state of coupled oscillators, has attracted much attention along the past years. We here report the analytical solution of a generalized Kuramoto model, and derive a series of exact results for the first-order synchronization transition, including i) the exact, generic, solutions for the critical coupling strengths for both the forward and backward transitions, ii) the closed form of the forward transition point and the linear stability analysis for the incoherent state (for a Lorentzian frequency distribution), and iii) the closed forms for both the stable and unstable coherent states (and their stabilities) for the backward transition. Our results, together with elucidating the first-order nature of the transition, provide insights on the mechanisms at the basis of such a synchronization phenomenon.

http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/picture/article/421/35/30/8c8a961d4dd3a88761c298e618a0/760ae47c-51d7-43cf-9071-1507cf807338.pdf.x

Exact solution for first-order synchronization transition in a generalized Kuramoto model

The dynamical and statistical behavior of lag synchronization in two coupled self-sustained chaotic Rossler oscillators is reexamined. The lack of uniqueness in the conventional characterization of lag synchronization based on the similarity function has caused much skepticism about the existence of lag synchronization. We provide an evidence that the emergence of lag synchronization is associated with the transition from on-off intermittency to a periodic structure in the laminar phase distribution.

Transition from intermittency to periodicity in lag synchronization in coupled Rössler oscillators.

Chaos is a class of ubiquitous phenomena and controlling chaos is of great interest and importance. In this Letter, we introduce wavelet controlled dynamics as a new paradigm of dynamical control. We find that by modifying a tiny fraction of the wavelet subspaces of a coupling matrix, we could dramatically enhance the transverse stability of the synchronous manifold of a chaotic system. Wavelet controlled Hopf bifurcation from chaos is observed. Our approach provides a robust strategy for controlling chaos and other dynamical systems in nature.

Tailoring wavelets for chaos control.

Different chaos synchronization based encryption schemes are reviewed and compared from the practical point of view. As an efficient cryptanalysis tool for chaos encryption, a proposal based on the error function attack is presented systematically and used to evaluate system security. We define a quantitative measure (quality factor) of the effective applicability of a chaos encryption scheme, which takes into account the security, the encryption speed, and the robustness against channel noise. A comparison is made of several encryption schemes and it is found that a scheme based on one-way coupled chaotic map lattices performs outstandingly well, as judged from quality factor.

Error function attack of chaos synchronization based encryption schemes.

In this paper, we present a scheme for implementing the unconventional geometric two-qubit phase gate with nonzero dynamical phase based on two-channel Raman interaction of two atoms in a cavity. We show that the dynamical phase and the total phase for a cyclic evolution are proportional to the geometric phase in the same cyclic evolution; hence they possess the same geometric features as does the geometric phase. In our scheme, the atomic excited state is adiabatically eliminated, and the operation of the proposed logic gate involves only the metastable states of the atoms; thus the effect of the atomic spontaneous emission can be neglected. The influence of the cavity decay on our scheme is examined. It is found that the relations regarding the dynamical phase, the total phase, and the geometric phase in the ideal situation are still valid in the case of weak cavity decay. Feasibility and the effect of the phase fluctuations of the driving laser fields are also discussed.

Choy Heng Lai

Papers

Exact solution for first-order synchronization transition in a generalized Kuramoto model

Transition from intermittency to periodicity in lag synchronization in coupled Rössler oscillators.

Tailoring wavelets for chaos control.

Error function attack of chaos synchronization based encryption schemes.

Scheme for unconventional geometric quantum computation in cavity QED