Chris D. Metcalfe

TL;DR: The literature on the clastogenic effects of chemical and physical agents on fish cells, with emphasis on the induction of micronuclei in teleosts is reviewed, directing laboratories in the development of fish genotoxicity assays for water quality monitoring.

TL;DR: Results with the medaka assay were consistent with estrogenic responses in the yeast estrogen screening assay, indicating that concentrations of estrogen hormones detected in the final effluents of sewage treatment plants are generally greater than the lowest‐observed‐effect levels for alterations to gonadal development in medaka.

TL;DR: It is not possible to assess the risks associated with the use of ENM by investigating only the pristine form of the ENM, without considering alterations and transformation processes, and a more definitive classification scheme for ENM should be adopted.

TL;DR: The rates of elimination of ibuprofen and naproxen appeared to be elevated in STPs with hydraulic retention times for sewage greater than 12 h, and the widespread occurrence of carbamazepine at concentrations as high as 2.3 microg/L may be explained by use of this drug for other therapeutic purposes besides treatment of epilepsy and its resistance to elimination inSTPs.

TL;DR: The results showed that 29% of the carbamazepine was removed from the aqueous phase during treatment in the WWTP, while the metabolites were not effectively removed, which appeared to be due primarily to degradation.