Topological photonics is a rapidly emerging field of research in which geometrical and topological ideas are exploited to design and control the behavior of light. Drawing inspiration from the discovery of the quantum Hall effects and topological insulators in condensed matter, recent advances have shown how to engineer analogous effects also for photons, leading to remarkable phenomena such as the robust unidirectional propagation of light, which hold great promise for applications. Thanks to the flexibility and diversity of photonics systems, this field is also opening up new opportunities to realize exotic topological models and to probe and exploit topological effects in new ways. This article reviews experimental and theoretical developments in topological photonics across a wide range of experimental platforms, including photonic crystals, waveguides, metamaterials, cavities, optomechanics, silicon photonics, and circuit QED. A discussion of how changing the dimensionality and symmetries of photonics systems has allowed for the realization of different topological phases is offered, and progress in understanding the interplay of topology with non-Hermitian effects, such as dissipation, is reviewed. As an exciting perspective, topological photonics can be combined with optical nonlinearities, leading toward new collective phenomena and novel strongly correlated states of light, such as an analog of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Topological Photonics

The PANTHER (protein annotation through evolutionary relationship) classification system (http://wwwpantherdborg/) is a comprehensive system that combines gene function, ontology, pathways and statistical analysis tools that enable biologists to analyze large-scale, genome-wide data from sequencing, proteomics or gene expression experiments The system is built with 82 complete genomes organized into gene families and subfamilies, and their evolutionary relationships are captured in phylogenetic trees, multiple sequence alignments and statistical models (hidden Markov models or HMMs) Genes are classified according to their function in several different ways: families and subfamilies are annotated with ontology terms (Gene Ontology (GO) and PANTHER protein class), and sequences are assigned to PANTHER pathways The PANTHER website includes a suite of tools that enable users to browse and query gene functions, and to analyze large-scale experimental data with a number of statistical tests It is widely used by bench scientists, bioinformaticians, computer scientists and systems biologists In the 2013 release of PANTHER (v80), in addition to an update of the data content, we redesigned the website interface to improve both user experience and the system's analytical capability This protocol provides a detailed description of how to analyze genome-wide experimental data with the PANTHER classification system

Large-scale gene function analysis with the PANTHER classification system

A detailed review of the education sector in Australia as in the data provided by the 2006 edition of the OECD's annual publication, 'Education at a Glance' is presented. While the data has shown that in almost all OECD countries educational attainment levels are on the rise, with countries showing impressive gains in university qualifications, it also reveals that a large of share of young people still do not complete secondary school, which remains a baseline for successful entry into the labour market.

/pdf/education-at-a-glance-m5vl7o68j5.pdf

Education at a Glance

Thank you for downloading applied missing data analysis. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this applied missing data analysis, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. applied missing data analysis is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the applied missing data analysis is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Applied Missing Data Analysis

The data and tools in PANTHER—a comprehensive, curated database of protein families, trees, subfamilies and functions available at http://pantherdb.org—have undergone continual, extensive improvement for over a decade. Here, we describe the current PANTHER process as a whole, as well as the website tools for analysis of user-uploaded data. The main goals of PANTHER remain essentially unchanged: the accurate inference (and practical application) of gene and protein function over large sequence databases, using phylogenetic trees to extrapolate from the relatively sparse experimental information from a few model organisms. Yet the focus of PANTHER has continually shifted toward more accurate and detailed representations of evolutionary events in gene family histories. The trees are now designed to represent gene family evolution, including inference of evolutionary events, such as speciation and gene duplication. Subfamilies are still curated and used to define HMMs, but gene ontology functional annotations can now be made at any node in the tree, and are designed to represent gain and loss of function by ancestral genes during evolution. Finally, PANTHER now includes stable database identifiers for inferred ancestral genes, which are used to associate inferred gene attributes with particular genes in the common ancestral genomes of extant species.

PANTHER in 2013: modeling the evolution of gene function, and other gene attributes, in the context of phylogenetic trees

. Due to the dynamic character of urban land use (e.g. urban sprawl) there is a demand for frequent updates for monitoring, modeling, and controlling purposes. Urban land use is an added value that can be indirectly derived with the help of various properties of land cover classes that describe a certain area and create a distinguishable structure. The goal of this project is to extract land use (LU) classes out of a structure of land cover (LC) classes from high resolution Quickbird data and additional LiDAR building height models. The study area is Rostock, a German city with more than 200.000 inhabitants. To model the properties of urban land use a graph based approach is adapted from other disciplines (industrial image processing, medicine, informatics). A graph consists of nodes and edges while nodes describe the land cover and edges define the relationship of neighboring objects. To calculate the adjacency that describes which nodes are combined with an edge several distance ranges and building height properties are tested. Furthermore the information value of planar versus non-planar graph types is analyzed. After creating the graphs specific indices are computed that evaluate how compact or connected the graphs are. In this work several graph indices are explained and applied to training areas. Results show that the distance of buildings and building height are reliable indicators for LU-categories. The separability of LU-classes improves when properties of land cover classes and graph indices are combined to a LU-signature.

/pdf/graph-based-urban-land-use-mapping-from-high-resolution-1a9ya4xo3g.pdf

Graph-based urban land use mapping from high resolution satellite images

In a range measurement signal exchange session between a first communication device and a second communication device, the first communication device generates an NDP, which includes: generating a plurality of training fields to be used by the second communication device to determine a time of arrival of the NDP. Each training field corresponds to a respective orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. Generating the plurality of training fields includes: i) setting signal samples corresponding to guard intervals between the OFDM symbols to zero, and ii) for each OFDM symbol, setting a plurality of frequency domain values corresponding to OFDM sub carriers of the OFDM symbol to complex number values. The first communication device transmits the NDP as part of the range measurement signal exchange session.

Secure ranging measurement

We have recently reported a new role of the conserved Salvador/Warts/Hippo pathway (SWH) in maintaining cellular quiescence in neural stem cells (NSCs) using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this feature article we describe these results along with unpublished data. Stem cells contribute to a variety of processes like development, tissue homeostasis or regeneration. They are undifferentiated cells and yet are able to produce differentiating daughter cells while simultaneously retaining their stem cell identity. The proliferation of stem cells needs tight regulation, since deregulation can lead to tumorous growth or loss of the progenitor pool. When proliferation is not required, stem cells usually reside in an inactive state known as cellular quiescence and local or systemic signals induce their reactivation. Initially quiescence was considered as a default state, but nowadays it is well established that cells actively acquire and maintain cellular quiescence. Drosophila serves as a popular model system to tackle all kinds of biological questions in stem cell biology and NSCs have been used to unravel the fundamental mechanisms of e.g. asymmetric cell division or stem cell identity specification. Quiescence and reactivation has been studied, but mainly focused on the signals that reactivate NSCs in the larval brain. Here, it was shown that the nutritional status of the organism is directly linked to the activity of NSCs. At the transition from the embryo to the larva, NSCs are quiescent and exhibit a small cell diameter. When the larvae hatches and starts to feed, the liver-like fat body senses the rise of dietary amino acids and releases growth-promoting systemic signals. Two studies elegantly showed that glial cells receive these signals and respond by releasing insulin-like peptides that activate the canonical insulin receptor kinase pathway in NSCs to initiate growth and proliferation. To understand how quiescence is regulated, we analyzed the growth behavior of NSCs when known growth regulatory pathways are impaired. Testing TGF-ß (e.g., baboon, TGF-ß receptor) and the JAK/STAT pathway (e.g., STAT92E, effector), we could not find alterations in NSC growth. In contrast, elimination of the 2 core kinases of the highly conserved SWH tumor suppressor pathway, hippo and warts, or a series of canonical upstream regulators, induced a dramatic increase in cell size and cell division of NSCs. The main SWH effector is Yorkie (YAP/TAZ in vertebrates), which is inactive and retained in the cytoplasm in quiescent NSCs whereas reactivated or prematurely reactivated NSCs show nuclear and active Yorkie. Loss or gain of function showed that Yorkie is necessary and sufficient for growth and proliferation of NSCs. We were not able to induce quiescence by ectopic warts, neither was the initiation of quiescence impaired in mutants, elucidating an important role in the maintenance but most probably not in the initiation of quiescence. Since the nutritional status via glial cells controls the time point of reactivation we wanted to connect this to the SWH activity in NSCs and found that cell-contact inhibition of growth is one of the driving forces to maintain quiescence. Unexpectedly, 2 prominent upstream regulators of the SWH pathway in epithelial tissues, Crumbs and Echinoid, are expressed in a nutrient-dependent way in glial niche cells and in the NSCs. Depletion of these in only the niche glial cells is sufficient to initiate reactivation of NSCs (Fig. 1). Recent studies indicate that the SWH pathway might play a similar role in vertebrate NSCs. Components of the SWH pathway are expressed in quiescent NSCs, YAP is expressed in SOX2-positive neural progenitor cells and loss of YAP and FAT4 in neural precursors rescues a proliferation defect in a mouse model for the Van Maldergem syndrome. Depleting fat in Drosophila NSCs causes premature reactivation indicating more upstream regulatory inputs. In vertebrates SWH shows cross-regulation with the WNT signaling pathway and WNT is also implicated in NSCs activation in mouse. Since the SWH pathway is a potent tumor suppressor pathway, our findings might be relevant in 2 aspects associated with cancers. First, understanding how Yorkie/YAP is causing proliferation and growth in NSCs might be relevant in cancer variants, in which the activity

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15384101.2016.1171653

Hippo pathway regulates neural stem cell quiescence.

Abstract As most studies on the link between peer status and prosocial behavior are cross-sectional, conducted with children, and operationalize status as the difference between acceptance and rejection, it remains unclear whether peer acceptance and rejection are consequences or prerequisites of prosocial behavior in adolescence. To fill this gap, this study examines the bidirectional associations of prosocial behavior with peer acceptance and peer rejection with data collected at 3 time points, 6 months apart, in a sample of 660 early Chilean adolescents ( M = 12.94, SD = 0.62; 55.1% boys). Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that prosocial behavior positively predicted future peer acceptance, whereas peer acceptance had no significant effect on future prosocial behavior. The association between rejection and prosocial behavior was negative and bidirectional between Time 1 and Time 2. When a new academic year began, between Time 2 and Time 3, prosocial behavior negatively predicted rejection, whereas rejection in the previous grade level was positively associated with prosocial behavior at the beginning of the next grade. Multi-group panel analyses did not detect significant differences between boys and girls in the cross-lagged associations of prosociality with peer acceptance and peer rejection. The results suggest that acting prosocially can make adolescents better liked by their peers and highlight the possible importance of the transition to a new academic year for the prosocial behavior of previously rejected students. Implications for future research on peer relations are discussed. 

/pdf/bidirectional-associations-of-prosocial-behavior-with-peer-2h8gfy6a.pdf

Bidirectional Associations of Prosocial Behavior with Peer Acceptance and Rejection in Adolescence

The present disclosure describes methods and apparatuses for fine timing measurement with frequency domain processing. In some aspects, a first device receives a frame that is transmitted by a second device via a wireless medium. A degree to which the frame is affected by multipath propagation in the wireless medium is determined based on frequency power and linear phase of the frame, which can be calculated using frequency domain processing. Based on the degree to which the frame is affected, a time of arrival calculation for the frame can be compensated for effects related to the multipath propagation. By so doing, the effects of multipath propagation can be addressed without time domain processing, which is typically complex and more expensive to implement.

Christian Berger

Papers

Graph-based urban land use mapping from high resolution satellite images

Secure ranging measurement

Hippo pathway regulates neural stem cell quiescence.

Bidirectional Associations of Prosocial Behavior with Peer Acceptance and Rejection in Adolescence

Methods and apparatus for fine timing measurement with frequency domain processing