Topological photonics is a rapidly emerging field of research in which geometrical and topological ideas are exploited to design and control the behavior of light. Drawing inspiration from the discovery of the quantum Hall effects and topological insulators in condensed matter, recent advances have shown how to engineer analogous effects also for photons, leading to remarkable phenomena such as the robust unidirectional propagation of light, which hold great promise for applications. Thanks to the flexibility and diversity of photonics systems, this field is also opening up new opportunities to realize exotic topological models and to probe and exploit topological effects in new ways. This article reviews experimental and theoretical developments in topological photonics across a wide range of experimental platforms, including photonic crystals, waveguides, metamaterials, cavities, optomechanics, silicon photonics, and circuit QED. A discussion of how changing the dimensionality and symmetries of photonics systems has allowed for the realization of different topological phases is offered, and progress in understanding the interplay of topology with non-Hermitian effects, such as dissipation, is reviewed. As an exciting perspective, topological photonics can be combined with optical nonlinearities, leading toward new collective phenomena and novel strongly correlated states of light, such as an analog of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Topological Photonics

The PANTHER (protein annotation through evolutionary relationship) classification system (http://wwwpantherdborg/) is a comprehensive system that combines gene function, ontology, pathways and statistical analysis tools that enable biologists to analyze large-scale, genome-wide data from sequencing, proteomics or gene expression experiments The system is built with 82 complete genomes organized into gene families and subfamilies, and their evolutionary relationships are captured in phylogenetic trees, multiple sequence alignments and statistical models (hidden Markov models or HMMs) Genes are classified according to their function in several different ways: families and subfamilies are annotated with ontology terms (Gene Ontology (GO) and PANTHER protein class), and sequences are assigned to PANTHER pathways The PANTHER website includes a suite of tools that enable users to browse and query gene functions, and to analyze large-scale experimental data with a number of statistical tests It is widely used by bench scientists, bioinformaticians, computer scientists and systems biologists In the 2013 release of PANTHER (v80), in addition to an update of the data content, we redesigned the website interface to improve both user experience and the system's analytical capability This protocol provides a detailed description of how to analyze genome-wide experimental data with the PANTHER classification system

Large-scale gene function analysis with the PANTHER classification system

A detailed review of the education sector in Australia as in the data provided by the 2006 edition of the OECD's annual publication, 'Education at a Glance' is presented. While the data has shown that in almost all OECD countries educational attainment levels are on the rise, with countries showing impressive gains in university qualifications, it also reveals that a large of share of young people still do not complete secondary school, which remains a baseline for successful entry into the labour market.

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Education at a Glance

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Applied Missing Data Analysis

The data and tools in PANTHER—a comprehensive, curated database of protein families, trees, subfamilies and functions available at http://pantherdb.org—have undergone continual, extensive improvement for over a decade. Here, we describe the current PANTHER process as a whole, as well as the website tools for analysis of user-uploaded data. The main goals of PANTHER remain essentially unchanged: the accurate inference (and practical application) of gene and protein function over large sequence databases, using phylogenetic trees to extrapolate from the relatively sparse experimental information from a few model organisms. Yet the focus of PANTHER has continually shifted toward more accurate and detailed representations of evolutionary events in gene family histories. The trees are now designed to represent gene family evolution, including inference of evolutionary events, such as speciation and gene duplication. Subfamilies are still curated and used to define HMMs, but gene ontology functional annotations can now be made at any node in the tree, and are designed to represent gain and loss of function by ancestral genes during evolution. Finally, PANTHER now includes stable database identifiers for inferred ancestral genes, which are used to associate inferred gene attributes with particular genes in the common ancestral genomes of extant species.

PANTHER in 2013: modeling the evolution of gene function, and other gene attributes, in the context of phylogenetic trees

Adolescencia y género: la voz y la fuerza de esta etapa vital

We present the design of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter operating at 214 GS/s and an experimental assessment of its performance in a directly-detected 834 Gbit/s QPSK-OFDM configuration over 1600 km of uncompensated standard fiber We also discuss the suitability of OFDM technology for low-cost, low-power optical interconnects

/pdf/real-time-dsp-based-optical-ofdm-transmission-5ay93r9bpw.pdf

Real-time DSP-based optical OFDM transmission

At an antenna array of a first communication device, a wireless signal transmitted by a second communication device is received. The first communication device calculates a plurality of oversampled matched filter values corresponding to the wireless signal, which correspond to i) different values of a signal delay corresponding to the wireless signal, and ii) different values of a phase corresponding to the wireless signal. The first communication device determines a local maximum of the plurality of oversampled matched filter values across different values of the signal delay and different values of the phase, where the local maximum corresponds to a component of the wireless signal that is first to arrive at the antenna array. The first communication device calculates an angle of arrival of the wireless signal at the antenna array using a value of the phase corresponding to the local maximum of the plurality of matched filter values.

Method and apparatus for determining an angle of arrival of a wireless signal

While the frequency-selectivity of underwater acoustic channels motivates the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the time-selectivity leads to large pilot overhead for channel estimation and Doppler effects that cause intercarrier interference (ICI). ICI can be estimated and mitigated using an appropriate channel model, but in turn leads to even further increased demand on pilot overhead. While sparse channel estimation can alleviate this challenge, pilot resources for channel estimation are always a precious commodity. We therefore study iterative receivers that feed back tentative or soft symbol decisions from error correction to be used as additional pilots in the next iteration of channel estimation. The key point is that this can be coupled with sparse channel estimation and that the uncertainty in soft decisions is modeled accurately. We use an experimentally recorded data set to compare the performance of sparse and conventional channel estimators under varying pilot overhead. We find that when increasing the pilot overhead - at the cost of reduced data rate - the performance saturates at some point. This point varies depending on if ICI is estimated or not, and is reached much earlier when using iterative receivers.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6093765/6106891/06107108.pdf

Christian Berger

Papers

Adolescencia y género: la voz y la fuerza de esta etapa vital

Real-time DSP-based optical OFDM transmission

Method and apparatus for determining an angle of arrival of a wireless signal

Study of pilot overhead for iterative OFDM receivers on time-varying and sparse underwater acoustic channels

To ignore or not to ignore: The differential effect of coping mechanisms on depressive symptoms when facing adolescent cyberbullying