Claude A. Piantadosi

TL;DR: By sensing the physiological oxygen gradient in tissues, hemoglobin exploits conformation-associated changes in the position of cysteinebeta93 SNO to bring local blood flow into line with oxygen requirements.

TL;DR: Findings consign HO-1/CO signaling through Nrf2 and Akt to the myocardial transcriptional program for mitochondrial biogenesis, provide a rationale for targeted mitochondrial CO therapy, and connect cardiac mitochondrial volume expansion with the inducible network of xenobiotic and antioxidant cellular defenses.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that in in vitro and ex vivo systems as well as healthy adults alternately exposed to hypoxia or hyperoxia (to dilate or constrict pulmonary and systemic arteries in vivo), binding of NO to hemes (FeNO) and thiols (SNO) of hemoglobin (Hb) varies as a function of oxygen tension (pO2) saturation (FeO(2) over a wide range.

TL;DR: The data indicate that reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondrial electron transport escape cellular antioxidant defenses and promote highly damaging hydroxyl radical activity after transient brain ischemia in the rat.

TL;DR: Eventual survivors responded early to critical illness with mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense responses, which may partially counteract mitochondrial protein depletion, helping to maintain functionality and energetic status.