Dale M. Robertson

TL;DR: Interannual variability in both freeze and breakup dates has increased since 1950 and a few longer time series reveal reduced ice cover (a warming trend) beginning as early as the 16th century, with increasing rates of change after about 1850.

TL;DR: Decrease in the abundance of all three domi- nant benthic macroinvertebrate groups, including Diporeia, oligochaetes, and sphaeriids, during the 1980s in nearshore waters of Lake Michigan was attributable to a decrease in primary production linked to a decline in phosphorus loadings.

TL;DR: SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were developed for estimating loads and sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from the United States portion of the Great Lakes, Upper Mississippi, Ohio, and Red River Basins and indicated that recent U.S. loadings are similar to those in the 1980s, whereas loadings to Lakes Superior, Huron, and Erie decreased.

TL;DR: In this article, the importance of nutrients in influencing biological assemblages relative to other physicochemical factors at different spatial scales was evaluated. But, the authors focused on how macroinvertebrate and fish measures correlated with the nutrients and quantified relationships between key biological measures and nutrient forms.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically subsampled streamflow and water quality data from eight small streams to represent various water-quality sampling strategies and then used the subsample data to determine the accuracy and precision of annual load estimates generated by means of a regression approach and determine the most effective sampling strategy for small streams.