Showing papers by "Dan L. Longo published in 2019"
University of California, Davis1, University of California, San Francisco2, California National Primate Research Center3, Veterans Health Administration4, University of Minnesota5, Yale University6, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center7, University of Oklahoma8, National Institutes of Health9
TL;DR: It is demonstrated, across multiple species and tumor models, that obesity results in increased immune aging, tumor progression and PD-1-mediated T cell dysfunction which is driven, at least in part, by leptin.
Abstract: The recent successes of immunotherapy have shifted the paradigm in cancer treatment, but because only a percentage of patients are responsive to immunotherapy, it is imperative to identify factors impacting outcome. Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions and is a major risk factor for certain malignancies, but the impact of obesity on immune responses, in general and in cancer immunotherapy, is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate, across multiple species and tumor models, that obesity results in increased immune aging, tumor progression and PD-1-mediated T cell dysfunction which is driven, at least in part, by leptin. However, obesity is also associated with increased efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in both tumor-bearing mice and clinical cancer patients. These findings advance our understanding of obesity-induced immune dysfunction and its consequences in cancer and highlight obesity as a biomarker for some cancer immunotherapies. These data indicate a paradoxical impact of obesity on cancer. There is heightened immune dysfunction and tumor progression but also greater anti-tumor efficacy and survival after checkpoint blockade which directly targets some of the pathways activated in obesity.
461 citations
63 citations
TL;DR: The introduction of “personalized medicine” has spurred major changes in oncology, but success has been spread unevenly across the spectrum of solid tumors.
Abstract: The introduction of “personalized medicine” has spurred major changes in oncology, but success has been spread unevenly across the spectrum of solid tumors. Although prognoses for adenocarcinoma of...
26 citations
TL;DR: A mobile phone app may be a viable treatment option for some asymptomatic cancer patients with a history of undiagnosed disease that is easy to detect and treat.
Abstract: Screening asymptomatic patients for cancer is based on a simple premise: cancers that are detected early before they produce symptoms should be easier to cure than those that progress to become cli...
21 citations
TL;DR: Talking about Toxicity Improving communication with patients about treatment risks and benefits has long been recognized as a critical priority and perhaps a necessary first step is for investigational drugs to be investigated.
Abstract: Talking about Toxicity Improving communication with patients about treatment risks and benefits has long been recognized as a critical priority. But perhaps a necessary first step is for investigat...
15 citations
TL;DR: Frequent plateletpheresis utilizing a leukoreduction system chamber is associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lymphopenia in healthy platelet donors, and the mechanism may be repeated extraction of these cells during platelet pheresis.
13 citations