Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

An overview of zirconia ceramics: Basic properties and clinical applications

Current ceramic materials offer preferred optical properties for highly esthetic restorations. The inherent brittleness of some ceramic materials, specific treatment modalities, and certain clinical situations require resin bonding of the completed ceramic restoration to the supporting tooth structures for long-term clinical success. This article presents a literature review on the resin bond to dental ceramics. A PubMed database search was conducted for in vitro studies pertaining to the resin bond to ceramic materials. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English between 1966 and 2001. Although the resin bond to silica-based ceramics is well researched and documented, few in vitro studies on the resin bond to high-strength ceramic materials were identified. Available data suggest that resin bonding to these materials is less predictable and requires substantially different bonding methods than to silica-based ceramics. Further in vitro studies, as well as controlled clinical trials, are needed.

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Resin-ceramic bonding: a review of the literature.

Statement of problem Developments in ceramic core materials such as lithium disilicate, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide have allowed more widespread application of all-ceramic restorations over the past 10 years. With a plethora of ceramic materials and systems currently available for use, an overview of the scientific literature on the efficacy of this treatment therapy is indicated. Purpose This article reviews the current literature covering all-ceramic materials and systems, with respect to survival, material properties, marginal and internal fit, cementation and bonding, and color and esthetics, and provides clinical recommendations for their use. Material and methods A comprehensive review of the literature was completed seeking evidence for the treatment of teeth with all-ceramic restorations. A search of English language peer-reviewed literature was undertaken using MEDLINE and PubMed with a focus on evidence-based research articles published between 1996 and 2006. A hand search of relevant dental journals was also completed. Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled studies, longitudinal experimental clinical studies, longitudinal prospective studies, and longitudinal retrospective studies were reviewed. The last search was conducted on June 12, 2007. Data supporting the clinical application of all-ceramic materials and systems was sought. Results The literature demonstrates that multiple all-ceramic materials and systems are currently available for clinical use, and there is not a single universal material or system for all clinical situations. The successful application is dependent upon the clinician to match the materials, manufacturing techniques, and cementation or bonding procedures, with the individual clinical situation. Conclusions Within the scope of this systematic review, there is no evidence to support the universal application of a single ceramic material and system for all clinical situations. Additional longitudinal clinical studies are required to advance the development of ceramic materials and systems.

Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: A systematic review

Objectives: The objectives of this systematic review were to assess the survival rate of implants placed in sites with transalveolar sinus floor elevation. Material and Methods: An electronic search was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on transalveolar sinus floor elevation, with a mean follow-up time of at least 1 year after functional loading. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates/ year proportions. Results: The search provided 849 titles. Full-text analysis was performed for 176 articles, resulting in 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated an estimated annual failure rate of 2.48% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.37‐4.49%) translating to an estimated survival rate of 92.8% (95% CI): 87.4‐96.0%) for implants placed in transalveolarly augmented sinuses, after 3 years in function. Furthermore, subject-based analysis revealed an estimated annual failure of 3.71% (95% CI: 1.21‐11.38%), translating to 10.5% (95% CI: 3.6‐28.9%) of the subjects experiencing implant loss over 3 years. Conclusion: Survival rates of implants placed in transalveolar sinus floor augmentation sites are comparable to those in non-augmented sites. This technique is predictable with a low incidence of complications during and post-operatively.

A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation

PURPOSE
To investigate the bending moment of implants restored with a directly screwed single-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) compared to implants restored with an FDP polymerized to a titanium base before and after thermomechanical aging.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 240 implants (120 with and 120 without a titanium base) were restored with FDPs manufactured from conventionally sintered 3Y-TZP, 5Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP, and CoCrMo, as well as high-speed sintered 4Y-TZP. Half of the specimens per subgroup were aged using chewing simulation combined with thermocycling (1,200,000 cycles at 50 N; 6,000 cycles at 5°C to 55°C). Initial and aged fracture load were measured. The bending moment was calculated and subjected to statistical analysis (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheffé, t, and chi-square tests; P < .05). Failure types were analyzed.


RESULTS
Implants without a titanium base showed higher bending moments for all initially tested zirconia groups compared to implants with a titanium base. The highest initial values were observed for 4Y-TZP FDPs regardless of implant type. High-speed sintered FDPs demonstrated higher initial bending moments compared to conventionally sintered FDPs. Artificial aging led to a decrease of the bending moment in most of the subgroups. After aging, no differences were found within the restoration materials, sintering protocols, or implant types. Implant deformation occurred mainly with directly screwed FDPs, whereas FDP mobility was predominantly observed among implants with a titanium base. FDP fractures were mainly observed for 5Y-TZP.


CONCLUSION
Both implant types exhibited similar values after aging. Thus, implants without a titanium base seem to show equally sufficient stability for clinical applications with all tested materials.

A new implant system with directly screwed supra-constructions: Impact of restoration material and artificial aging on the bending moment.

This case report introduces a temporary denture with reduced extension stabilized in the edentulous maxilla as a possible treatment method for patients with a severe gag reflex, allowing them to test the function, esthetics, and tolerance of the denture prior to hard tissue augmentation and implant placement. A 4-mm implant was placed in the central anterior palate and allowed to heal for 3 months. During the complete treatment period, a denture with reduced extension can be delivered on a fixed Locator abutment. This method was successfully applied in three patients, and the palatal implant remained stable until the final removable prosthesis could be delivered.

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Temporary Single Palatal Implant for Denture Stabilization During Augmentation and Implant Procedure: A Case Report.

Influence of butt joint connections with long guiding areas on the stability of single crowns and 3-unit bridges - an in-vitro-study.

En los ultimos anos la automatizacion de los procesos de trabajo en la fabricacion de protesis se ha convertido en algo habitual en muchos laboratorios dentales. Con ella se obtienen unos estandares de calidad industrial que permiten una gestion de la calidad reproducible. Los conjuntos de datos generados se pueden almacenar y en muy poco tiempo es posible confeccionar una restauracion identica. Ademas de mejorar la calidad y la productividad, el metodo de fabricacion CAD/CAM permite sobre todo procesar materiales ceramicos de forma fiable. En estos momentos el interes se centra en el perfeccionamiento de la secuencia de trabajo digital mediante la introduccion de sistemas de toma de datos que permiten digitalizar intrabucalmente la situacion clinica del paciente y ofrecen la posibilidad de seguir aumentando la proporcion de restauraciones generadas por ordenador. Este articulo describe los sistemas disponibles y sus posibilidades en la practica clinica diaria.

Actualización en la toma de impresiones digital

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dentalinstrument mit einem Arbeitsbereich (2) und einem Schaft (3), wobei der Arbeitsbereich (2) mit abrasiven Partikeln, insbesondere Diamantpartikeln oder Hartmetallpartikeln, belegt ist, umfassend eine abgerundete Spitze (4) mit einem ersten Radius (R1), einen sich an die Spitze (4) anschliesenden ersten konkaven Bereich (5) mit einem zweiten Radius (R2), einen sich an den ersten konkaven Bereich (5) anschliesenden konvexen Bereich (6) mit einem dritten Radius (R3) und einen sich an den konvexen Bereich (6) anschliesenden zweiten konkaven Bereich (7) mit einem vierten Radius (R4).

Daniel Edelhoff

Papers

A new implant system with directly screwed supra-constructions: Impact of restoration material and artificial aging on the bending moment.

Temporary Single Palatal Implant for Denture Stabilization During Augmentation and Implant Procedure: A Case Report.

Influence of butt joint connections with long guiding areas on the stability of single crowns and 3-unit bridges - an in-vitro-study.

Actualización en la toma de impresiones digital

Dentalinstrument, insbesondere für die Präparation von okklusalen Kauflächen