An introduction to heat transfer

Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena: Drops, Bubbles, Pearls, Waves

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Art of electronics

Studying nature to reveal the mechanisms of special wetting phenomena in biological systems can effectively inspire the design and fabrication of functional interfacial materials with superwettability. In this Review, the historical development, new phenomena and emerging applications of superwettability systems are discussed.

Nature-inspired superwettability systems

The ability of superhydrophobic surfaces to stay dry, self-clean and avoid biofouling is attractive for applications in biotechnology, medicine and heat transfer1–10. Water droplets that contact these surfaces must have large apparent contact angles (greater than 150 degrees) and small roll-off angles (less than 10 degrees). This can be realized for surfaces that have low-surface-energy chemistry and micro- or nanoscale surface roughness, minimizing contact between the liquid and the solid surface11–17. However, rough surfaces—for which only a small fraction of the overall area is in contact with the liquid—experience high local pressures under mechanical load, making them fragile and highly susceptible to abrasion18. Additionally, abrasion exposes underlying materials and may change the local nature of the surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic19, resulting in the pinning of water droplets to the surface. It has therefore been assumed that mechanical robustness and water repellency are mutually exclusive surface properties. Here we show that robust superhydrophobicity can be realized by structuring surfaces at two different length scales, with a nanostructure design to provide water repellency and a microstructure design to provide durability. The microstructure is an interconnected surface frame containing ‘pockets’ that house highly water-repellent and mechanically fragile nanostructures. This surface frame acts as ‘armour’, preventing the removal of the nanostructures by abradants that are larger than the frame size. We apply this strategy to various substrates—including silicon, ceramic, metal and transparent glass—and show that the water repellency of the resulting superhydrophobic surfaces is preserved even after abrasion by sandpaper and by a sharp steel blade. We suggest that this transparent, mechanically robust, self-cleaning glass could help to negate the dust-contamination issue that leads to a loss of efficiency in solar cells. Our design strategy could also guide the development of other materials that need to retain effective self-cleaning, anti-fouling or heat-transfer abilities in harsh operating environments. Water-repellent nanostructures are housed within an interconnected microstructure frame to yield mechanically robust superhydrophobic surfaces.

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Design of robust superhydrophobic surfaces

Necrobotics In article number 2201174, Te Faye Yap, Daniel J. Preston, and co‐workers introduce necrobotics, a new area of research that leverages the complex architectures of biotic materials to construct useful robotic components. A pneumatic gripper is fabricated in a single step from the inanimate body of a spider, taking advantage of its hydraulic mechanism for leg extension and allowing it to interface with traditional robotic systems.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202270190

Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready‐to‐Use Actuators (Adv. Sci. 29/2022)

Assessing detonator health using Rogowski coil data

L'invention concerne un systeme de levitation magnetique, lequel systeme comprend un premier et un second aimants ayant des surfaces de leurs poles identiques qui se font face ; et un recipient dispose entre les premier et second poles du type magnetique et contenant une solution comprenant un complexe paramagnetique dans un solvant non aqueux, le complexe paramagnetique comprenant un metal paramagnetique et au moins un ligand qui se coordonne au metal paramagnetique par l'intermediaire d'un don d'electrons. L'invention concerne egalement des procedes de separation d'un melange de composes solides, et/ou d'identification, de confirmation et/ou de prevision de la composition du melange.

Système de lévitation magnétique

A magnetic levitation system is described, including a first and second magnets having surfaces of their like-poles facing each other; and a container disposed between the first and second magnets' like poles and containing a solution including a paramagnetic complex in a non-aqueous solvent, where the paramagnetic complex includes a paramagnetic metal and at least one ligand that coordinates to the paramagnetic metal via electron donation. Methods of separating a mixture of solid compounds, and/or identifying, confirming, and/or predicting the composition of the mixture, are also described.

Magnetic levitation system

15 Flat metasurfaces with subwavelength meta-atoms can be designed to manipulate the 16 electromagnetic parameters of incident light and enable unusual light-matter interactions 17 beyond the capabilities of the constituent materials themselves. Although hydrogel-based 18 metasurfaces have the potential to control optical properties dynamically in response to 19 environmental conditions, the pattern resolution of these surfaces has typically been limited to 20 microscale features or larger, limiting capabilities at the nanoscale and precluding effective use 21 in metamaterials. This paper reports a general approach to developing reversibly tunable 22 plasmonic metasurfaces with hydrogel meta-atoms at the subwavelength scale. Periodic arrays 23 of hydrogel nanodots with continuously tunable diameters between 180 nm and 240 nm were 24 fabricated on silver substrates, resulting in humidity-responsive surface plasmon polaritons 25 (SPPs) at the nanostructure-metal interfaces. The peaks of the SPPs were controlled reversibly

Daniel J. Preston

Papers

Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready‐to‐Use Actuators (Adv. Sci. 29/2022)

Assessing detonator health using Rogowski coil data

Système de lévitation magnétique

Magnetic levitation system

Hydrogel-Based, Dynamically Tunable Plasmonic Metasurfaces