Social network sites SNSs are increasingly attracting the attention of academic and industry researchers intrigued by their affordances and reach This special theme section of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication brings together scholarship on these emergent phenomena In this introductory article, we describe features of SNSs and propose a comprehensive definition We then present one perspective on the history of such sites, discussing key changes and developments After briefly summarizing existing scholarship concerning SNSs, we discuss the articles in this special section and conclude with considerations for future research

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x

Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

http://www.iowaaces360.org/uploads/1/0/9/2/10925571/relationship_of_childhood_abuse_and..._1998.pdf

Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study

The world report on violence and health.

Attachment--and loss.

The common finding linking symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression with youth victimization (e.g., sexual abuse) might well be artifactual if preexisting psychopathology or disturbed family relationships create a common risk for both later victimization and later symptoms. This study used a longitudinal, prospective design to examine this issue. In a national random sample telephone survey, children 10 to 16 years old were interviewed and then reinterviewed approximately 15 months later about psychological problems, family relationships and victimization experiences that had occurred in the interim. Victimization in the interim was associated with PTSD-related symptoms and depression measured at Time 2, even after controlling for these symptoms and the quality of the parent-child relationship at Time 1. The association was particularly strong for sexual abuse, parental assault, and kidnapping experiences. However, these data also suggest that some of the apparent association found in cross-sectional studies between victimization and psychopathology may be due to prior psychopathology (but not parent-child relationship problems), which puts children at risk for both victimization and later symptoms.

Is youth victimization related to trauma symptoms and depression after controlling for prior symptoms and family relationships? A longitudinal, prospective study.

This article examines two models of the traumatic impact of child sexual abuse, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Model and the Four Traumagenic Dynamics Model. PTSD, in spite of its salutary contributions, has three major problems when applied to sexual abuse. It fails to account for all the symptoms. It does not apply to all victims. And its explanation for the source of trauma does not fit with many types of sexual abuse. The alternative, Four Traumagenic Dynamics Model is more complex and accounts for more of the variety of effects. It posits four dynamics—traumatic sexualization, betrayal, stigmatization, and powerlessness—that cause trauma by distorting a child's self-concept, worldview, and affective capacities. The four dynamics are described, and are matched to specific symptoms that have been noted in the literature.

The Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse Two Models

A Message from OJJDP: Children are exposed to violence every day in their homes, schools, and communities. Such exposure can cause them significant physical, mental, and emotional harm with long-term effects that can last well into adulthood. The Attorney General launched Defending Childhood in September 2010 to unify the Department of Justice’s efforts to address children’s exposure to violence under one initiative. Through Defending Childhood, the Department is raising public awareness about the issue and supporting practitioners, researchers, and policymakers as they seek solutions to address it. A component of Defending Childhood, OJJDP’s Safe Start initiative continues efforts begun in 1999 to enhance practice, research, training and technical assistance, and public education about children and violence. Under Safe Start, OJJDP conducted the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence, the most comprehensive effort to date to measure the extent and nature of the violence that children endure and its consequences on their lives. This is the first study to ask children and caregivers about exposure to a range of violence, crime, and abuse in children’s lives. As amply evidenced in this bulletin series, children’s exposure to violence is pervasive and affects all ages. The research findings reported here and in the other bulletins in this series are critical to informing our efforts to protect children from its damaging effects

/pdf/polyvictimization-children-s-exposure-to-multiple-types-of-24jctpqc0o.pdf

Polyvictimization: Children’s exposure to multiple types of violence, crime, and abuse

/pdf/online-victimization-of-youth-five-years-later-42930rsl7v.pdf

David Finkelhor

Papers

Is youth victimization related to trauma symptoms and depression after controlling for prior symptoms and family relationships? A longitudinal, prospective study.

The Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse Two Models

Polyvictimization: Children’s exposure to multiple types of violence, crime, and abuse

Online Victimization of Youth : Five Years Later.

Epidemiological factors in the clinical identification of child sexual abuse