Social network sites SNSs are increasingly attracting the attention of academic and industry researchers intrigued by their affordances and reach This special theme section of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication brings together scholarship on these emergent phenomena In this introductory article, we describe features of SNSs and propose a comprehensive definition We then present one perspective on the history of such sites, discussing key changes and developments After briefly summarizing existing scholarship concerning SNSs, we discuss the articles in this special section and conclude with considerations for future research

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x

Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

http://www.iowaaces360.org/uploads/1/0/9/2/10925571/relationship_of_childhood_abuse_and..._1998.pdf

Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study

The world report on violence and health.

Attachment--and loss.

This study sought to identify features of peer victimization that aggravate negative outcomes in children. The features that were assessed include "power imbalance," a commonly used criterion in defining bullying, and 5 other characteristics: injury, weapon involvement, Internet involvement, sexual content, and bias content. Three outcomes were assessed: level of fear, missing school, and trauma symptoms. A nationally representative sample of 3,164 children and youth ages 6-17 (51.8% male; 68.4% white, 12.5% black, 13.5% Hispanic, 5.7% other race) was obtained through Random Digit Dial and supplemented with an address-based sample to capture cell-phone-only households. One child was randomly selected from each household. Interviews were conducted with parents of children age 6-9 and with the youths themselves if they were age 10-17. Peer victimization was assessed with the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Almost half (48.4%) of the entire sample of school-age children experienced at least 1 form of peer victimization in the past year. Injury and power imbalance independently increased the impact on children for all 3 outcomes. Additionally, weapon involvement and sexual content were associated with trauma symptoms, with sexual content having the strongest effect (B = .23, p < .001). This diversity of aggravating features suggests a need to reconsider the current emphasis on prioritizing bullying with its exclusionary power imbalance definition as the central focus for prevention and intervention. We recommend a broader focus on peer victimization along with more research to identify the aggravating features that signal the greatest need for intervention.

Beyond Bullying: Aggravating Elements of Peer Victimization Episodes

Putting together evidence on declining trends in sexual abuse: a complex puzzle.

Have Sexual Abuse and Physical Abuse Declined Since the 1990s

This study used three approaches to estimate the incidence of nonfamily abductions of children for 1988: a national survey of households with children, a national survey of police records, and an analysis of FBI homicide data. Estimates were derived for three differently defined types of events: stereotypical kidnappings, in which a stranger perpetrator took a child overnight, or a distance of 50 miles or more, or killed, ransomed, or evidenced an intent to keep the child permanently (200 to 300 children); legal-definition nonfamily abductions, in which a stranger or other nonfamily member took, detained, or lured a child, often in conjunction with another crime such as sexual assault (3,200 to 4,600 children); and attempted abduction, in which an unsuccessful attempt was made to take, detain, or lure a child (114,600 children).

The Abduction of Children by Strangers and Nonfamily Members Estimating the Incidence Using Multiple Methods

The National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) is the largest, most comprehensive survey on youth victimization conducted in the United States. NatSCEV shows that many youth experience multiple forms of victimization, not just single types. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire-2nd Revision (JVQ-R2) is the core of NatSCEV. The full JVQ-R2, including supplements, assesses 50+ forms of victimization across five general areas: conventional crime, maltreatment, peer and sibling victimization, sexual victimization, and witnessing and other exposure to violence.

David Finkelhor

Papers

Beyond Bullying: Aggravating Elements of Peer Victimization Episodes

Putting together evidence on declining trends in sexual abuse: a complex puzzle.

Have Sexual Abuse and Physical Abuse Declined Since the 1990s

The Abduction of Children by Strangers and Nonfamily Members Estimating the Incidence Using Multiple Methods

Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire - 2nd Revision (JVQ-R2)