Social network sites SNSs are increasingly attracting the attention of academic and industry researchers intrigued by their affordances and reach This special theme section of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication brings together scholarship on these emergent phenomena In this introductory article, we describe features of SNSs and propose a comprehensive definition We then present one perspective on the history of such sites, discussing key changes and developments After briefly summarizing existing scholarship concerning SNSs, we discuss the articles in this special section and conclude with considerations for future research

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x

Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

http://www.iowaaces360.org/uploads/1/0/9/2/10925571/relationship_of_childhood_abuse_and..._1998.pdf

Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study

The world report on violence and health.

Attachment--and loss.

This research examines how family dynamics like interparental conflict, family violence, and quality of parenting are associated with young children's experiences of sibling victimization. We use nationally representative data from interviews with caregivers of 1,726 children aged 2 to 9 years of age. We hypothesized different family dynamics predictors for a composite of common types of sibling victimization (property, psychological, and mild physical aggression) in comparison to severe physical sibling victimization (victimization that includes physical aggression with a weapon and/or injury). Multinomial regression results showed that sibling victimization in general was associated with negative family dynamics but that children in the severe group had even less parental warmth, poor parental supervision, and greater exposure to interparental conflict and family violence than children in the common types victimization group. Different aspects of family dynamics contribute to sibling victimization, but possibly in different ways and with different consequences. The findings underscore the importance of a family systems theory approach to clinical and intervention work.

Family dynamics and young children's sibling victimization.

The objectives of this research were to (1) obtain esti- mates of child maltreatment and other forms of personal, witness- ing of, and indirect victimization among children aged 0 to 1 year in the United States and (2) examine associations between infant vic- timization exposure and the infant's level of emotional and behav- ioral symptoms. METHODS: The study is based on a cross-sectional national telephone survey that included caregivers of a sample of 503 children under 2 years of age. RESULTS: Nearly one-third of the sample of infants (31.6%) had expe- rienced some form of personal, witnessing, or indirect form of victim- ization. The rate of infant maltreatment by caregivers (2.1%) was sig- nificantly lower than among older preschool-aged children. However, the rate of infant assault by siblings was considerable at 15.4%. The greatest risk of assault occurred in households with young siblings; nearly 35% of the infants with a sibling aged 2 to 3 years were as- saulted in the year before the interview. Witnessing family violence was also relatively common among the infants (9.5%). Victimization was associated with emotional and behavioral problems; sibling assault and witnessing family violence had the highest correlations with infant symptom scores. CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight the need for attention to infant victimization that considers a wider array of victimization sources and a broader scope of prevention efforts than has been typical in the child-maltreatment field. Pediatrics 2010;126:44-52

http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/CV199_online%20version.pdf

Infant Victimization in a Nationally Representative Sample

• One U.S. governmental source counts 78,188 child victims of sexual abuse in 2003. That’s a rate of 1.2 per 1,000 American children. • The 2001 National Crime Victimization Survey, which only covers youth 12-17, estimates that 1.9 per 1,000 children are raped or sexually assaulted. • National surveys of adults find that 9-28% of women say they experienced some type of sexual abuse or assault in childhood. All these estimates and others that are available have limitations and should be used with care.

/pdf/childhood-sexual-abuse-fact-sheet-1r9x1hytuw.pdf

Childhood sexual abuse fact sheet

/pdf/trends-in-unwanted-online-experiences-and-sexting-final-490nbtpvm9.pdf

Trends in Unwanted Online Experiences and Sexting : Final Report

Arrests for the possession of child pornography (CP) increased between 2006 and 2009 by one‐third, continuing an increase that also occurred between 2000 and 2006. In 2009, a substantial proportion of arrested CP offenders used peer‐to‐peer (P2P) file sharing technology to access contraband images. These arrests may reflect the enhanced ability of law enforcement to monitor file sharing sites. CP possessors who used P2P technology tended to have more extreme images than other CP possessors, which may reflect police investigative methods. However, compared to 2006 arrests, those in 2009 turned up a somewhat smaller pro‐ portion of “dual offenders,” who had sexually abused children in addition to possessing child pornography. This bulletin reports on trends in arrests for possession of child pornography. It discusses changes in the characteristics of arrested offenders, the images they possessed and outcomes of cases. The data come from 3 waves of the National Juvenile Online Victimization (NJOV) Study that examined arrests in 2000, 2006 and 2009. See the end of this report for a descrip‐ tion of the methodology of the NJOV Study. Figure 1. Estimated number of arrests for child pornography possession, by year April 2012 Trends in Arrests for Child Pornography Possession: The Third National Juvenile Online Victimization Study (NJOV‐3) Janis Wolak, David Finkelhor & Kimberly J. Mitchell What is child pornography? Possession of child pornography (CP) is a felony under federal law and in every state. The federal statutes that criminalize CP possession define “child” as age 17 or younger, and CP as the “visual depiction ... of sexually explicit conduct” (18 USCS 2256). The statute states that sexually explicit conduct in‐ cludes acts such as intercourse, bestiality, and masturbation, as well as “lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area.” Most states mirror federal law, although there is some varia‐ tion in the definition of child and the content that is pro‐ scribed. 935 2,417 3,719 778 1,255 1,182

/pdf/trends-in-arrests-for-child-pornography-production-the-third-55vbk5enid.pdf

David Finkelhor

Papers

Family dynamics and young children's sibling victimization.

Infant Victimization in a Nationally Representative Sample

Childhood sexual abuse fact sheet

Trends in Unwanted Online Experiences and Sexting : Final Report

Trends in Arrests for Child Pornography Production: The Third National Juvenile Online Victimization Study (NJOV‐3)