Deshi Shi

TL;DR: Con concurrent use of both drugs would inhibit the activation of oseltamivir, thus making this antiviral agent therapeutically inactive, which is epidemiologically of significance because people who receive osel Tamsivir and clopidogrel simultaneously may maintain susceptibility to influenza infection or a source of spreading influenza virus if already infected.

TL;DR: The isoform-specific hydrolysis of aspirin and clopidogrel suggests that these two antithrombogenic agents may have pharmacokinetic interactions with different sets of ester drugs, and the altered Hydrolysis by polymorphic mutants provides a molecular explanation to the interindividual variation.

TL;DR: A molecular explanation linking cytokine secretion directly to the decreased capacity of hydrolytic biotransformation is provided, suggesting that suppressed expression of carboxylesterases by IL-6 has profound pharmacological consequences, particularly with those that are hydrolyzed in an isoform-specific manner.

TL;DR: This study provides molecular evidence that cytokine secretion directly contributed to the decreased capacity of oxidative biotransformation in human liver and suggests that PXR is necessary for IL-6-mediated repression of the CYP3A4 expression in human hepatocytes.

TL;DR: The post-neonatal surge in CES1 expression ensures the hydrolytic capacity to be gained rapidly after birth in infants, but the larger variability during this period suggests that caution should be exercised on the extrapolated dosing regimens of ester drugs from other age groups.