The past few decades have seen substantial growth in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. However, this growth has mainly been process-driven. The evolution of engineering design to take advantage of the possibilities afforded by AM and to manage the constraints associated with the technology has lagged behind. This paper presents the major opportunities, constraints, and economic considerations for Design for Additive Manufacturing. It explores issues related to design and redesign for direct and indirect AM production. It also highlights key industrial applications, outlines future challenges, and identifies promising directions for research and the exploitation of AM's full potential in industry.

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Design for additive manufacturing: trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints

A translation apparatus is provided which comprises: an inputting section for inputting a source document in a natural language; a layout analyzing section for analyzing layout information including cascade information, itemization information, numbered itemization information, labeled itemization information and separator line information in the source document inputted by the inputting section and specifying a translation range on the basis of the layout information; a translation processing section for translating a source document text in the specified translation range into a second language; and an outputting section for outputting a translated text provided by the translation processing section.

Automated Planning: Theory and Practice.

Design for manufacture and assembly (DFM) has typically meant that designers should tailor their designs to eliminate manufacturing difficulties and minimize manufacturing, assembly, and logistics costs. However, the capabilities of additive manufacturing technologies provide an opportunity to rethink DFM to take advantage of the unique capabilities of these technologies. As mentioned in Chap. 16, several companies are now using AM technologies for production manufacturing. For example, Siemens, Phonak, Widex, and the other hearing aid manufacturers use selective laser sintering and stereolithography machines to produce hearing aid shells; Align Technology uses stereolithography to fabricate molds for producing clear dental braces (“aligners”); and Boeing and its suppliers use polymer powder bed fusion (PBF) to produce ducts and similar parts for F-17 fighter jets. For hearing aids and dental aligners, AM machines enable manufacturing of tens to hundreds of thousands of parts, where each part is uniquely customized based upon person-specific geometric data. In the case of aircraft components, AM technology enables low-volume manufacturing, easy integration of design changes and, at least as importantly, piece part reductions to greatly simplify product assembly.

Design for Additive Manufacturing

FDM process parameters influence over the mechanical properties of polymer specimens: A review

The evolution and future of manufacturing: A review

Additive Manufacturing technologies create parts layer by layer. Thereby, lots of benefits are offered. Especially extended design freedoms provide new potentials for the design of technical parts. To make these benefits accessible to different user groups, design rules for Additive Manufacturing were developed within the project “Direct Manufacturing Design Rules”. Therefore a process independent method was defined first. Next, design rules were developed for Laser Sintering, Laser Melting and Fused Deposition Modeling. The results were summarized in a design rule catalog and support a suitable design for Additive Manufacturing.

Design for Additive Manufacturing—Element transitions and aggregated structures

This paper presents a benchmark data set for condition monitoring of rolling bearings in combination with an extensive description of the corresponding bearing damage, the data set generation by experiments and results of data-driven classifications used as a diagnostic method. The diagnostic method uses the motor current signal of an electromechanical drive system for bearing diagnostic. The advantage of this approach in general is that no additional sensors are required, as current measurements can be performed in existing frequency inverters. This will help to reduce the cost of future condition monitoring systems. A particular novelty of the present approach is the monitoring of damage in external bearings which are installed in the drive system but outside the electric motor. Nevertheless, the motor current signal is used as input for the detection of the damage. Moreover, a wide distribution of bearing damage is considered for the benchmark data set. The results of the classifications show that the motor current signal can be used to identify and classify bearing damage within the drive system. However, the classification accuracy is still low compared to classifications based on vibration signals. Further, dependency on properties of those bearing damage that were used for the generation of training data are observed, because training with data of artificially generated and real bearing damages lead to different accuracies. Altogether a verified and systematically generated data set is presented and published online for further research.

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Condition Monitoring of Bearing Damage in Electromechanical Drive Systems by Using Motor Current Signals of Electric Motors: A Benchmark Data Set for Data-Driven Classification

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present Design Rules for additive manufacturing and a method for their development. Design/methodology/approach – First, a process-independent method for the development of Design Rules was worked out. Therefore, geometrical standard elements and attributes that characterize the elements’ shapes have been defined. Next, the standard elements have been manufactured with different attribute values with Laser Sintering, Laser Melting and Fused Deposition Modeling, and their geometrical quality was examined. From the results, Design Rules for additive manufacturing were derived and summarized in a catalogue. Findings – Due to the process independent method, Design Rules were developed that apply for the different considered additive manufacturing technologies equally. These Design Rules are completely function-independent and easily transferable to individual part designs. Research limitations/implications – The developed Design Rules can only apply for the considered...

On design for additive manufacturing: evaluating geometrical limitations

Dimensional Tolerances for Additive Manufacturing: Experimental Investigation for Fused Deposition Modeling

The inventive modular gear system consists of two or several gear modules (1-3) of the same or different designs, said gear modules in turn comprising one or several gear sizes, and one or several transmission ratios within one size. At least one of these gear modules is an angular gear (3). The inventive gear system also comprises one or several drive modules (4, 5) which can be combined therewith as required, the relevant drive unit of a drive module (4 or 5) having a cylindrical output pinion corresponding to the relevant transmission ratio. The aim of the invention is to simplify at least one gear module in a modular gear system of this type, more precisely, an angular gear (3), without reducing the capacity of the entirety of the gear modules(1-3) to combine with the entirety of the drive modules (4, 5). To this end, the one angular gear (3) or at least one of the angular gears is a contrate gear whose contrate wheel is adapted for engaging the corresponding output pinion (7).

Detmar Zimmer

Papers

Design for Additive Manufacturing—Element transitions and aggregated structures

Condition Monitoring of Bearing Damage in Electromechanical Drive Systems by Using Motor Current Signals of Electric Motors: A Benchmark Data Set for Data-Driven Classification

On design for additive manufacturing: evaluating geometrical limitations

Dimensional Tolerances for Additive Manufacturing: Experimental Investigation for Fused Deposition Modeling

Modular gear system with contrate gear