Don D. Sin

TL;DR: Highlights of this update include new epidemiological information on mortality and prevalence of COPD, which charts its emergence as a major health problem for women; a new section on common comorbidities in COPD; and an increased emphasis on the meaningful benefits of combined pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies.

TL;DR: The assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been refined to separate the spirometric assessment from symptom evaluation, and the concept of de‐escalation of therapy is introduced in the treatment assessment scheme.

TL;DR: Whether patients with COPD have increased expression of ACE-2 in bronchial epithelial cells in the lower respiratory tract is determined, which may explain the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in these subpopulations and highlight the importance of smoking cessation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that CPAP can reduce the combined mortality-cardiac transplantation rate in those CHF patients with CSR-CSA who comply with therapy and not in those without it.

TL;DR: Overall, when the lowest quintile of lung function, as measured by FEV1 is compared with the highest quintile, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increases by approximately 75% in both men and women.