Donald B. Rubin

TL;DR: A new approach to screen for active factorial effects from such experiments that uses the potential outcomes framework and is based on sequential posterior predictive model checks, which has the ability to broaden the standard definition of active effects and to link their definition to the population of interest.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose definitions of partially MAR and ignorability for a subvector of the parameters of particular substantive interest, for direct likelihood-based inferences from data with missing values.

TL;DR: It is shown that the numerically accurate solution is likely to be an unreasonable estimate of the regression coefficients for this problem, and a concern about highly accurate computational methods must be tempered with a concern for whether the data are accurate enough to make the results of such computation meaningful.

TL;DR: This workshop addressed challenges of clinical research in neurosurgery by considering possible solutions, such as statistical methods for demonstrating causality using observational data, characteristics required of a registry supporting effectiveness research, and trial designs combining advantages of observational studies and RCTs.